Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
T/F the yellow warbler is an indicator species for the tundra
A
False, yellow warblers are found throughout the province
2
Q
4 indicator species for the tundra
A
Hudsonian godwit
arctic willow
arctic fox
walrus
3
Q
ontario is expanding northward at the rate of _ every hundred years
A
400 metres
4
Q
when granite is exposed to heat and pressure it becomes
A
gneiss
5
Q
What is the average daily temp in the tundra ecological zone
A
-6 degrees
6
Q
in the tundra, most of the bird song comes from
A
the sky
7
Q
only the slowest moving water would carry this particle size
A
clay
8
Q
these flowers use hairs to create a greenhouse effect that generates and retains heat
A
labrador and arctic willow
9
Q
this animal group is absent from the tundra ecological region
A
woodpeckers
10
Q
the oldest rock in ontario is
A
granite
11
Q
The boundary between the Tundra Ecological Region and the Hudson Bay Lowland Ecological Region is
A
the tree line
12
Q
glaciers last scoured ontario this many years ago
A
ten thousand
13
Q
True or false In the Tundra Ecological Region there are no trees except for very small willows (i.e., Arctic Willow) and Dwarf Birch
A
False
14
Q
how many species are there in ontario
A
More than 100,000
15
Q
why cant some trees replace themselves while others can
A
shade tolerance
16
Q
what are lichens, what is their importance?
A
symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae, can trap particles and create a place for other living things to grow
17
Q
what are site conditions
A
environmental conditions caused by lay of the land, soil, pH, temperature or drainage
18
Q
what are the effects of geese on the tundra
A
dig up plant tubers
add nitrogen to soil through droppings
19
Q
are herps present in the tundra, what types are there
A
Reptiles and amphibians, yes
boreal chorus frogs, wood frogs
20
Q
what makes ontario have a rich biodiversity
A
size, great range of abiotic factors
21
Q
succession
A
the change in an area from what was there to what is there, initiated by moss and lichens
22
Q
_ trees are characteristic of HBL while _ trees are characteristic of Tundra
A
Stunted
Dwarf
23
Q
this endangered species of sandpiper fattens up in the mudflats of james bay before it migrates south
A
red knot
24
Q
T/F most HBL rivers drain freshwater into the atlantic watershed
A
False, rivers bring freshwater in
25
T/F HBL rivers rise in the spring and create elevated banks
True
26
T/F black and white spruce grow along the edges of HBL rivers and are habitat for boreal forest plants and animals
True
27
T/F there are usually two plants along the shore of HBL rivers, shrubs and trees
True
28
T/F many species of Tundra birds sing from the sky
True
29
T/F about a dozen species of subarctic shorebirds nest in the tundra
True
30
T/F a few species of gleaning songbirds nest in willow thickets in the Tundra
True ex. blackpoll warbler, common redpoll, american tree sparrow
31
T/F the majority of bird species in the tundra nest on the ground
True
32
T/F many bird species remain in the tundra year round because they have adaptations for cold temperatures
False
33
This group of plants is dominant in the HBL
Heaths ex.bog laurel, cranberry , leatherleaf
34
Responsible for the large amount of clay present in HBL
Tyrell sea
35
these plants and birds are found near rivers like the Attawapiskat (HBL)
Spruce grouse
orange crowned warbler
butterwort
sticky asphodel
36
this physiographic region is characterized by lots of water, flat terrain, discontinuous permafrost and relatively young rock
Hudson Bay Lowland
37
T/F limestone and other sedimentary rocks underlie lowlands
True
38
T/F the canadian shield rocks are among the oldest in the world (1-3 billion years old)
True
39
Hcl poured on limestone results in effervescence because CO2 is produced in the reaction
True
40
T/F igneous rocks are soft and are rich in minerals such as calcium
False, they are hard rocks
41
when granite is metamorphosed it becomes gneiss
True
42
A halophytic plant
tolerates salt ex. seaside lungwort, goosegrass
43
T/F lichens are dormant organisms growing in the Tundra
True
44
T/F the main food of woodland caribou in the summer is goose grass
False, they eat lichen
45
T/F dwarfism is a characteristic of plants growing in the tundra
True
46
T/F willow ptarmigan are one of the most northern grouse in the world and have fully feathered feet for warmth
True
47
T/F the tundra is expanding northward every year
True
48
T/F the palm warbler is associated with black and white spruce
False, peatlands
49
These birds are associated with black and white spruce trees
```
White winged crossbill
black backed woodpecker
spruce grouse
canada jay
boreal chickadee
```
50
T/F the water in hudson bay doesnt freeze in winter because its salt water
False, it freezes
51
T/F a disjunct population of rocky polypody and greenland sandwort grows on the sutton ridges
True
52
T/F the sutton ridges offer the only source of calcium in the HBL
False
53
T/F the sutton hills are comprised of granite rock and diabase sills
True
54
T/F the sutton hills provide nesting sites for golden eagles
True
55
T/F ontario's subarctic tundra is the most southern in the world
True
56
T/F red squirrels can live in the tundra because they can store food in raised beach ridges
false
57
T/F caribou have been called lichen burners because lichens are their main food
true
58
T/F the coldest windchill in north america in occurs in the Hudson bay tundra
True
59
T/F ontario has walruses, polar bears and ringed seals
True
60
one of the greatest obstacles plants growing in the tundra must overcome is
permafrost
61
T/F lesser yellowlegs and northern shrikes are indicator species for the muskeg habitat in summer
True
62
T/F much of the HBL is dry because of isostatic rebound
False
63
T/F calciphilic plants such as sparrows egg and ladys slipper can be found along the shores of the rivers flowing through the HBL
True
64
T/F sphagnum moss is one of the most dominant and powerful plants in the HBL
True
65
T/F rivers in the Hbl create important habitats by depositing material along their shores
True
66
T/F ontario's muskeg is one of the largest continuous wetlands in the world
true
67
T/F sphagnum moss is the main component of peatlands
True
68
T/F muskeg forms when the rate of decomposition is greater than the rate of growth of the plants
False, it occurs when decomposition is slow
69
T/F great sundew use adhesive traps to capture insects
true
70
T/F sphagnum moss forms its own soil which is low in oxygen, very acidic and does not decompose
True
71
Negative effects geese have on Tundra
Dig up plant tubers
| Add nitrogen to soil through droppings
72
characteristics of sedimentary rock
young, soft, basic pH ex. limestone
73
characteristics of igneous rock
hardened magma, old ex. granite, basalt
74
when limestone is transformed by heat and pressure it turns into
marble
75
T/F igneous and metamorphic rock create highlands
True
76
Particle sizes from large to small
Boulder, gravel, sand, silt, clay
77
shade intolerant trees
white birch and poplar
78
shade tolerant trees
conifers, spruces, maples
79
characteristics of the tundra
```
no canopy forming trees
-6 avg daily temp
permafrost
coldest windchill in North america
low and flat
water
```
80
birds found in the tundra
```
scaup
scoters
long tailed ducks
canada geese
snow geese
tundra swan
eiders
arctic terns
```
81
marine mammals found in the tundra
ringed and bearded seals
polar bears
belugas
walruses
82
T/f many birds feed and nest on the ground in the tundra
True
83
What adaptations do plants found in the tundra have
```
cold hardiness
hairy leaf underside
dark leaves
sprawling growth
clump growth
small size
```
84
characteristics of hudson bay lowland
flat and low
peatland
-3 to -6 daily temp
85
isostatic rebound
land rises up
86
endemic
species that is only found in one part of the world ex, lepage wild flax
87
T/F the weasel family is very well represented in the boreal forest region
true
88
near the coastline of hudson and james bay you will find these habitats
saltwater marsh
raised beach ridge
mud flats
coastal sand dune
89
These small mammals are found in the tundra
northern bog lemming
meadow vole
meadow jumping mouse
groundhog
90
These birds are found near james bay
Gray Jay
Hudsonian godwit
northern shrike
lesser yellowlegs
91
if you visit the sutton ridges you would expect to see
disjunct populations of plants
92
T/F snowshoe hares and lynx have a cycle that peak every 20 years
False
93
what is the main group of dragonflies that live in beaverponds?
skimmers
94
T/F the boreal forest lies entirely on the canadian shield
True
95
T/F wolverines live in some remote parts of the boreal forest
True
96
T/F conifers are the dominant group of trees in the boreal forest
True
97
T/F Sawfly larva eat the needles of conifers
True
98
T/F black flies are very common in the boreal forest
True
99
Characteristics of balsam fir
- flat needles
- not common in western boreal
- pointed shape
- important food for moose in winter
- retains leaves year round
100
kirtland's warblers
-live only in Jack pines that are between 5 and 15 years old
101
T/F muskeg is rare in western boreal
True
102
characteristics of wabakimi and woodland caribou provincial parks
- receive less precipitation than other parts of the forest
- both situated on the canadian shield
- established to protect woodland caribou
- classified as wilderness parks
- have many lakes with islands
- western winds play a big role in their ecology
103
islands are important sites for these animals
common terns
moose
herring gulls
woodland caribou
104
these birds are common in the boreal forest
tennessee warbler
white throated warbler
yellow bellied flycatcher
spruce grouse
105
T/F beaver ponds are important because they they provide water for animals to drink and cool themselves
False
106
this plant might be considered an indicator species for the western boreal
prairie crocus
107
characteristics of moose
- eat balsam fir in winter
- females often go to islands to give birth
- largest herbivore in boreal forest
- go to beaver ponds in summer
108
characteristics of western boreal
- western variety of painted turtle found there
- thin soil and a lot of exposed rock
- red sided garter snakes found there
- warmest and driest part of boreal forest region
109
T/F jack pine seeds are an important food for white winged crossbills and red squirrels
false
110
pink ladys slippers grow best in warm, basic pH soils
false
111
fire
- burns off the duff layer exposing mineral soil underneath
- provides dead trees that are important for beetles and woodpeckers
- is essential for jack pine regeneration (opens up the cones)
- indirectly helps black bears
112
T/F the presence of lots of white pines tells you that you have left the boreal forest and are now in the great lakes-st lawrence forest
True
113
T/F flying squirrels live in tree cavities and are active only at night
true
114
spruce grouse eat black spruce needles and needles of
jack pine
115
lake superior
largest freshwater lake in world
