Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geo 2060 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a City

A
  1. > 5000+ ppl

2. Fills societal functions (admin, religion, economic, trade, transportation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

City is derived from what latin word

A

“civitas” meaning citizenship or community member

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examples of World/Global Cities

A

London, New York, Tokyo, Paris, Singapore, Hong Kong, Washington, Brussels, Toronto, Chicago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Protocol for Landscape Interpretation

A
  1. Observe
  2. Describe
  3. Inquire
  4. Interpret
  5. Extend
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is ‘Observe’

A

Make list of things you see.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is ‘Describe’

A

What activities are taking place? What is the setting for those activities?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is ‘Inquire’

A

What question arise in your mind as you look at the landscape?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is ‘Interpret’

A

What relationships (economic, cultural, political, environmental) underlay the landscape?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is ‘Extend’

A

What sources can you find that will help you understand the context?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you know that you are in a city

A
  1. Structure (buildings, roadways, etc)
  2. Behaviour (lots of ppl rushing)
  3. Things (cars, trucks, etc)
  4. Environment (temperature, high winds, sounds)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is “city proper” boundary definition

A

Describes city according to an administrative boundary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is “urban agglomeration” boundary definition

A

Considers the extent of the contiguous urban area, or built-up area, to determine boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is “metropolitan area” boundary definition

A

Defines its boundaries according to the degree of economic and social interconnectedness of nearby areas (commuting patterns or interlinked commerce)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a Metacity, Megacity, and Large City

A

Metacity = 20+ million
Megacity = 10+ million
Large City = 5-10 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are World Cities

A
  1. Transactional Nodes that act as decision-making centres for the world economy
  2. ‘Strategic Sites’ that run the world - Saskia Sasson
  3. Leaders in Producer Services
  4. Hubs for innovation
  5. Dominate popular culture through powerful media outlets
  6. Open to new people and ideas (large diversity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of Leaders in Producer Services

A
  • Banking and Markets
  • Accounting
  • Advertising
  • Law
  • Real Estate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alpha Cities

A

World Cities rated 10-12

12: London, Paris, New York, Tokyo
10: Chicago, Frankfurt, LA, Singapore, Hong Kong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Beta Cities

A

World Cities rated 7-9

9: San Fran, Sydney, TO
8: Brussels, Madrid, Mexico City, Sao Paulo
7: Moscow, Seoul

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gamma Cities

A

World Cities rated 4-6

6: Amsterdam, Boston, Dallas, Geneva
5: Bangkok, Beijing, Montreal, Rome
4: Atlanta, Barcelona, Berlin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describing Leading Cities

A
  1. Demographic Tradition (# of people)
    ex. ) metacity, megacity, large city
  2. Functional Tradition (network, relationship)
    ex. ) world cities or global cities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe Urbanization

A

Refers to population shift of rural to urban residency and the ways in which each society adapts to this change
ex.) change in lifestyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What Urbanization did the World reach in 2007 and what is it expected to reach by 2050

A 
2007 = 50%
2050 = 66%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stages of Urbanization

A

Early: still dynamically linked to rural society
Mercantile: growth in mercantilism
Capitalist: expansion & profit maximization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Urban Planning

A

Technical and political process concerned with the design of the urban environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
City Functions and Urban Economies
1. Market Centres (trade & commerce) 2. Transportation Centres (highways, roadways, etc) 3. Specialized Service Centres (government/religion)
26
What is Central Place Theory
Explained regular size, spacing and function of urban settlements in fertile agricultural region (Walter Christaller)
27
Describe Law of the Primate Cities
Mark Jefferson - 1930 Quantitative: "At least twice as large as the next largest city" Qualitative: "Exponentially expressive of national capacity and feeling"
28
Advantages/Disadvantages of Primacy
Advantages: Economies of Scale, Convenience of Centrality Disadvantages: Underserved Regions, Imbalanced Development
29
What is the Rank Size Rule
G.K.Zipf (1940's) The nth largest city is 1/n the size of the largest city ex.) 4th largest city is 1/4 the size of the largest city
30
4 main models of city structure
1. Concentric Zone (Burgess) Model 2. Sector Model 3. Multiple Nuclei Model 4. Inverse Concentric Model
31
What is Concentric Zone Model
cities residentially segregated based on class
32
What is Sector Model
cities grow based on transportation corridors
33
What is Multiple Nuclei Model
cities grow around several distinct nodes
34
Pierce Lewis's 7 Axioms for Reading the Landscape
1. Culture is reflected in landscape 2. All elements are important 3. Hard to study 4. History matters 5. Locational context 6. Intimately related to physical environment 7. Not conveyed obviously
35
What is Ecological Footprint
the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources
36
What is sustainability
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
37
The 10 Melbourne Principles for Sustainable Cities
1. Vision 2. Economy & Society 3. Biodiversity 4. Ecological Footprints 5. Model Cities on Ecosystems 6. Sense of Place 7. Empowerment 8. Partnerships 9. Sustainable Products & Consumption 10. Governance & Hope
38
What is Resiliance
The capability to which an ecosystem can resist change and remain within the functional boundaries that characterize it without "flipping" to a different set of functional boundaries
39
What is the opposite of Resilience
Vulnerability
40
List the Resilience Principles
- embrace diversity - acknowledge slow variables - embrace modularity - build social capital - emphasize innovation - overlap in governances - include ecological services - build adaptive capacity
41
Sustainability Aspects
- Urban Agriculture - Renewable Energy - Green Buildings - Green Transport - Eco-Districts - Green Businesses
42
What does Bedestan, Tells, Wadi, Maghreb, Kasbah and Medina mean
``` Bedestan = covered market Tells = hills Wadi = riverbed Maghreb = Western North America Kasbah = citadel Medina = city ```
43
Waves of Empires
- Greek - Roman - Byzantine - Islamic Empires - Europeans - Americans
44
Shared Characteristics of Greater Middle East Urbanization
1. Physical geography - freshwater deficiency 2. Cultural geography dominated by Islam - judaism, christianity, islam 3. Relative location between 3 continents - Europe, Africa, Asia
45
Primacy VS Rank-Size Rule
Gulf states and central Asian countries = primacy Yemen, Syria, Libya, Israel = dual primacy Iran and Morocco = complex city structure
46
Biggest Middle Eastern Cities to date
``` Cairo = 18mill Istanbul = 14mill Tehran = 8mill ```
47
2 Drivers of Urbanization in Middle East
1. Population Growth | 2. Migration
48
4 names for Market
1. Souk (arabic) 2. Bazaar (persian) 3. Pazar (turkish) 4. Shuks (hebrew)
49
Label 5 rings of the Concentric Ring (inner to outer)
Kasbah (citadel), Medina (old city), Colonial City (new city), Postcolonial City (modern city), Future City (urban expansion)
50
5 Historical Trends in Urbanization
1. Classical Period 2. Medieval 3. Renaissance 4. Industrial 5. Post-war Divergence (market vs central planning)
51
When was Classical Period
800BCE - 450
52
When was Medieval Period
450 - 1300
53
When was Renaissance Period
1300 - 1760
54
When was Industrial Period
1760 - 1945
55
When was Post-war Divergence Period
1945 - 1990
56
European patterns of Urbanization
- Central place theory - Conurbations - Core Periphery Model
57
Describe Conurbations
- cities coming together into conurbations - 50 conurbations in Europe - largest Rhine-Ruhr conurbation (110km diameter)
58
What are factors of Cores from the Core Periphery Model
- location of economic activity - access to world markets - connected cities - attractive labour force - government policies
59
Distinctive features of European Cities
- slow growth (0.2) - accelerated deindustrialization and decentralization - town square - pedestrian streets - landmarks (outdoor art, monuments, fountains, etc) - active transportation (walking, biking) - public transit (LRT, trolleys, buses, trains) - urban agriculture
60
Name 1 London Railway Station
Kings Cross
61
Big parks in Europe
- Richmond Park - Hyde Park - Bushy Park
62
3 European City Structure Models
1. Northwestern European City Structure 2. Mediterranean City Structure 3. Central & Eastern European City Structure
63
What is Galactic Metropolis
describes how economic and spatial structure reinforced connections among seemingly disparate spatial elements that created a geometry that favoured urban centres

Geo 2060 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions