Midterm

Question 1

The first line of treatment for mastalgia, which is effective for 85 percent of women
who have mild or moderate symptoms, is:

Answer 1

Reassurance

Question 2

Which of the following is an ethical issue that is specifically associated with pre-
implantation testing with ART?

Answer 2

Genetic engineering and the ability to reject embryos affected by
inherited disorders

Question 3

What is the leading preventable cause of death across all populations in the United
States?

Answer 3

Tobacco

Question 4

What treatment was introduced in the 1990s as a less invasive alternative to
hysterectomy?

Answer 4

Endometrial ablation

Question 5

Which one of the following statements about the subdermal progestin implant is
false?

Answer 5

After removal, its contraceptive effects last 10 more months on
average.

Question 6

A first-line recommended treatment for women with polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS) is:

Answer 6

Combined oral contraceptives

Question 7

The genetic counselor has a significant role in the care of women because BRCA1
and BRCA2 genetic mutations account for 5 to 10 percent of all _______ cancer
cases.

Answer 7

Breast

Question 8

What is the best definition of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)?

Answer 8

Uterine bleeding that is irregular in amount or frequency

Question 9

Which organism causes 90% of vulvovaginal candidiasis episodes in women?

Answer 9

Candida albicans

Question 10

Which of the following is considered primary prevention?

Answer 10

Targeted immunization

Question 11

Which type of speculum is best used to examine nulliparous women?

Answer 11

Pederson

Question 12

Many patients experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) meet the criteria for
diagnosing PTSD. Those criteria include all of the following except:

Answer 12

Hypovigilance

Question 13

Among women age 55 years and older:

Answer 13

Breast masses are presumed malignant until proven otherwise.

Question 14

Which factor bears most on women’s health care today?

Answer 14

Women’s status and position in society

Question 15

Painful menstrual periods may be related to functional uterine contractions in
ovulatory women, which is known as:

Answer 15

Primary dysmenorrhea

Question 16

What is the most common symptom of bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 16

Fishy odor

Question 17

How can weight loss specifically control symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS)?

Answer 17

It decreases androgen levels.

Question 18

Which type of counseling results in a statistically significant reduction in STIs?

Answer 18

Counseling delivered in multiple individual or group sessions totaling
more than 3 hours

Question 19

Routine HPV vaccination is recommended for girls of what age?

Answer 19

11–12

Question 20

What is the danger of giving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to menopausal
women with an intact uterus?

Answer 20

A higher risk of endometrial cancer

Question 21

The least variation in menses occurs between the ages of:

Answer 21

20-40

Question 22

The ________ is probably the most widely used intimate partner violence (IPV) screen.

Answer 22

Three-question AAS (McFarlane et al., 1992)

Question 23

Women who have had toxic shock syndrome should be instructed not to use tampons or:

Answer 23

Barrier contraception methods

Question 24

What approach does Healthy People 2020 use to achieve its goals and objectives?

Answer 24

Social determinants of health

Question 25

If a patient has not reported a sexual assault to law enforcement, all of the following clinician actions are important except:

Answer 25

Explaining that only some forced sexual contacts are reportable crimes

Question 26

What is the major source of normal vaginal secretions?

Answer 26

Cervical mucosa

Question 27

How is being overweight defined on the BMI table?

Answer 27

25–29.9

Question 28

What procedure is used to evaluate abnormal Pap smears and genital tract lesions?

Answer 28

Colposcopy

Question 29

Cyclic mastalgia:

Answer 29

Is caused by hormonal changes associated with menstruation

Question 30

How many stages does the Tanner scale use to stage sexual maturity?

Answer 30

5

Question 31

Why is it often more difficult to detect STIs in women than in men?

Answer 31

The anatomy of women’s genital tracts makes examination more difficult.

Question 32

Gender is rooted in _____________ and shaped by _______________

Answer 32

Biology, environment and experience

Question 33

The possibility of cancer is associated with mastalgia when the pain:

Answer 33

Is accompanied by skin changes or palpable abnormality

Question 34

Why is adenomyosis frequently underdiagnosed?

Answer 34

It has similar symptoms to other pelvic pain conditions.

Question 35

What is the current (2006) recommendation by the CDC regarding HIV testing?

Answer 35

Test all patients unless they explicitly decline to be tested.

Question 36

What is the most common type of menstrual dysfunction related to hyperandrogenism?

Answer 36

Irregular bleeding

Question 37

Which one of the following statements about the subdermal progestin implant is false?

Answer 37

After removal, its contraceptive effects last 10 more months on average.

Question 38

What is the most common symptom of vulvovaginal candidiasis?

Answer 38

Vulvar pruritis

Question 39

The most common sites of metastatic spread of invasive breast cancer include all of the following except:

Answer 39

Pituitary

Question 40

Under what conditions is a rectovaginal examination most useful?

Answer 40

If the uterus is retroflexed or retroverted

Question 41

The methods of abortion used in the United States—in order, with the most common method listed first—are:

Answer 41

Aspiration, medication, induction, surgical

Question 42

Hyperandrogenism in reproductive-age women is most frequently associated with:

Answer 42

PCOS

Question 43

There is no one legal definition of rape, which means:

Answer 43

Clinicians must learn their own state’s definitions and statutes.

Question 44

In the GTPAL system for recording pregnancy history, the “T” stands for:

Answer 44

Term births

Question 45

The second most commonly reported STI after chlamydia is:

Answer 45

Gonorrhea

Question 46

The most widely accepted theory for the origin of endometriosis is that reverse flow of menses out of the fallopian tubes allows endometrial cells to enter the pelvis and become implanted on the pelvic organs, which is the:

Answer 46

Retrograde menstruation theory

Question 47

What should be the clinician’s first objective after learning the chief reason the woman desires care?

Answer 47

To give the reason or problem a structural and chronological framework

Question 48

Although barrier contraception methods are less effective in preventing pregnancy than more modern methods, interest in them is on the rise because they:

Answer 48

Can help protect against STIs, including HIV

Question 49

What symptom is present in 80 to 90 percent of women with cervical cancer?

Answer 49

Abnormal vaginal bleeding

Question 50

Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Answer 50

They have decreased immunity to infectious organisms.

Question 51

What is the screening recommendation by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for intimate partner violence (IPV)?

Answer 51

Routinely ask all women direct, specific questions about abuse. Refer to community-based services when identified.

Question 52

Research has demonstrated that emergency contraception pills are approximately 74 percent effective when taken as long as:

Answer 52

120 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse

Question 53

Which of the following is a preventive measure for vulvar cancer?

Answer 53

Not smoking

Question 54

What had been a significant problem in medical research well into the 1990s?

Answer 54

The lack of representation of women in research trials

Question 55

What has contributed to the decreased incidence of hepatitis B over the past 20 years?

Answer 55

The HBV vaccination

Question 56

Most research studies on methods of contraception use the term efficacy to refer to:

Answer 56

The likelihood of pregnancy when a method is used exactly as prescribed

Question 57

What is the USPSTF recommendation regarding firearms?

Answer 57

Remove from home, or store unloaded in locked compartments

Question 58

Which of the following are screening tests for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 58

All of the above

Question 59

The depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection (Depo-Provera) is given at _______ week intervals.

Answer 59

12

Question 60

Alcohol consumption is considered hazardous for a woman who has:

Answer 60

Either 7 or more drinks in one week or 3 per occasion

Question 61

How is screening for the rubella immunity accomplished?

Answer 61

By obtaining a history of vaccination or by ordering serologic studies

Question 62

Patients presenting for STI treatment should be screened for HIV:

Answer 62

At each visit

Question 63

What is one of the most frequent reasons women visit their clinician?

Answer 63

Changes in menstruation

Question 64

Which one of the following statements about intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is false?

Answer 64

Complications are more the result of trauma than psychological abuse.

Question 65

The factors that enable women to enjoy and control their sexual and reproductive lives, including a physical and emotional state of well-being and the quality of sexual and other close relationships, make up a woman’s:

Answer 65

Sexual health

Question 66

What is one of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives?

Answer 66

Reduction in ovarian cancer risk

Question 67

Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Answer 67

They have decreased immunity to infectious organisms.

Question 68

Gonadotropin hormone-releasing agonists are recommended for only short-term use to treat heavy bleeding due to:

Answer 68

Their many side effects, such as hot flashes

Question 69

If a patient has not reported a sexual assault to law enforcement, all of the following clinician actions are important except:

Answer 69

Explaining that only some forced sexual contacts are reportable crimes

Question 70

What is the most common STI in the United States?

Answer 70

Chlamydia

Question 71

What is the screening recommendation by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for intimate partner violence (IPV)?

Answer 71

Routinely ask all women direct, specific questions about abuse. Refer to community-based services when identified.

Question 72

What should be used for women whose hirsutism remains refractory after 6 months of combined oral contraceptive use?

Answer 72

Antiandrogens

Question 73

How is screening for the rubella immunity accomplished?

Answer 73

By obtaining a history of vaccination or by ordering serologic studies

Question 74

Which of the following is associated with increased risk of endometriosis?

Answer 74

Early menarche

Question 75

The most common sites of metastatic spread of invasive breast cancer include all of the following except:

Answer 75

Pituitary

Question 76

Routine HPV vaccination is recommended for girls of what age?

Answer 76

11-12

Question 77

What is one of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives?

Answer 77

Reduction in ovarian cancer risk

Question 78

What is the current recommendation by the CDC regarding HIV testing?

Answer 78

Test all patients unless they explicitly decline to be tested.

Question 79

Where in the breast do most malignancies develop?

Answer 79

Upper outer quadrant

Question 80

Which of the following should NOT be a part of taking a health history?

Answer 80

Counseling for tobacco use cessation

Question 81

Which contraceptive methods have inherent failure rates?

Answer 81

All

Question 82

Which cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological cancers?

Answer 82

Ovarian

Question 83

What is the term for the absence of menses for 3 to 6 months in a woman who has previously menstruated and is not pregnant, breastfeeding, or menopausal?

Answer 83

Secondary amenorrhea

Question 84

Which type of counseling results in a statistically significant reduction in STIs?

Answer 84

Counseling delivered in multiple individual or group sessions totaling more than 3 hours

Question 85

What is the danger of giving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to menopausal women with an intact uterus?

Answer 85

A higher risk of endometrial cancer

Question 86

Which of the following is caused by an anaerobic one-celled protozoan that commonly lives in the vagina?

Answer 86

Trichomoniasis

Question 87

Who should be screened regularly for STIs?

Answer 87

All sexually active women

Question 88

In respect to an evidentiary examination:

Answer 88

The time frame within which it must take place depends on local standards.

Question 89

Patients presenting for STI treatment should be screened for HIV:

Answer 89

At each visit

Question 90

Which factor bears most on women’s health care today?

Answer 90

Women’s status and position in society

Question 91

A risk factor that could lead to endometrial cancer is:

Answer 91

Late menopause

Question 92

What term refers to the period from about 7 to 10 days before menstrual flow begins until the first or second day of menstrual flow?

Answer 92

Perimenstrual

Question 93

What is generally the cause of Bartholin’s cyst?

Answer 93

Obstruction of a duct in Bartholin’s gland

Question 94

The P in the mnemonic EMPOWER is meant to help the clinician remember to:

Answer 94

Provide information about domestic violence

Question 95

What has contributed to the decreased incidence of hepatitis B over the past 20 years?

Answer 95

The HBV vaccination

Question 96

Signs of endometrial or cervical cancer may present abnormal uterine bleeding, often as heavy, prolonged bleeding or:

Answer 96

Menometrorrhagia

Question 97

How does topical application of eflornithine treat facial hirsutism?

Answer 97

It slows the rate of hair growth.

Question 98

Which one of the following statements about intimate partner violence (IPV) is false?

Answer 98

It refers to a current or former spouse or dating partner of the opposite sex, not someone of the same sex.

Question 99

The most common benign breast masses are:

Answer 99

Fibroadenomas and cysts

Question 100

Why is acknowledging the oppression of women more difficult within Western societies?

Answer 100

Affluence and increased opportunities mask oppression.

Question 101

Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Answer 101

They have decreased immunity to infectious organisms.