Midterm Flashcards
(49 cards)
Explain the Geographical Realm of East Asia?
East Asia as a region is not fixed. Generally countries who have been influenced by Chinese culture i.e. has cultural similarities.
East Asia refers to Northeast and Southeast Asia. Northeast Asia is Mongolia, China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan.
Vietnam also considered although its places in southeast asia.
Explain though behind the term the “orient” when refers to asia.
It was considered non-european/non-western and there for considered less civilised and exotic.
The west was considered them Inferior and therefor pushed asia to adopt technologies and cultural aspects.
Describe cultural elements shared in East asia (which lead to the regionalisation)
Confusionism, Buddhism, Law Code, Chinese Writing system
Explain the characteristics The Three kingdoms period in Korea.
Sperated into Goguryeo, Baekje and Shilla.
Confusionism is the political thought, Buddhism is the State religion and promulgation of Law Code. Theres conflic amoung then as they fight for territory around seound until it is unified by Shilla 668 AD.
Explain Sino-Centric world in the premodern period
China is the “middle Kingdom” and is there fore superior to its neighboring states.
Explain the function of the Tribute system.
The tributory systems is the way in which the neighboring states acknowledge Chinese superiority. It practice involved sending Kowtow envoys to the emporer. The chinese emporer send investiture and gift. It provides legitimacy for both the emporer and the ruler.
Explain the heiracle order of rulers
Only the chinese rule is the Emporer neighboring state leaders may only be called King
Explain critisisms of the tribute system.
The tribute system did not perform uniformly through history as the chinese was not always aware of who had the most power and Neighboring states didnt always accept the sino-centrism. examples include when the Gogyryeo sent envoys to both the northern and southern states in yhe 5th century. Some state rulers declared Themselves emporer. The Song and Khitan had equal states in the 10-13th century. Some scholars think it only happened during Ming-Qing period.
EXplain the origin/spread of Confusionism.
Confusious/Kangsu is the founder of Confusionism. He lived during a period of Political pragmentation and unrest (the warring states) The Zhou was losing power and smaller states were trying to grab power. All states wanted to attract more people. Because of this many ideas and were proposed and exchange to find solutions - how to govern - confusionism was one of them.
Who was Confusius?
Confusious AKA. Kangsu lived during the period of warring states in china. He was working in a low status and therefore had no influence in his state (Lou dynasty). He therefore travelled around in an attampt to gain followers and gained audiences with different rulers.
What was the Analects?
Most important source to understand Confusius ideas. It was a selection of conversation Kangsu had with ruler which were compiled by later followers. Mostly focused on sical and political realms. Concerned with Morality. How to govern well and make an ideal society. Filial piety and fulfilling ones role would keep peace.
Explain Filial Piety.
In more general terms, filial piety means to be good to one’s parents; to take care of one’s parents; to engage in good conduct not just towards parents but also outside the home so as to bring a good name to one’s parents and ancestors; to show love, respect and support; display courtesy; to ensure male heirs, uphold fraternity among brothers; wisely advise one’s parents, including dissuading them from moral unrighteousness; display sorrow for their sickness and death; to bury them and carry out sacrifices after their death
What are the Confusious virtues?
Ren, Three bonds and Five relationships
What is the confusious Ren?
A person shoul have humaness/goodness/ benevolence.
“When you go out, treat everyone as if you were welcoming a great guest. Employ people as though you were conducting a great sacrifice. Do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you. Then neither in your country nor in your family will there be complaints against you.”
What is the Three Bonds?
- Minister is bound to the ruler by loyalty
- Son is bound to the father by filial piety
- Wife is bound to her husband by faithfulness
What was the five relations?
Five relations both ways but still hieracle.
- father - son
- ruler-subject
- husband-wife
- older brother- younger brother
- Friend-friend
Who was mencius?
A defender of confucious teachings. The Mencius is the Book that conveys his teaching. It contains conversations from audiences with rulers recorded by his followers. During his time the warring states had gooten even worse.
Explain Mencious critisims?
Proposed concrete political and financial measures. emphasis basec needs of the people - food, shelter education. People should be cultivated Said that Human nature is Fundamentally good. Talked about heaven validates the ruler though the peoples acceptance of him
Confucianism in the Han Dynasty
Confusionism became state ideology and BEgan the Confusian scholar-official system. Emporers should be sage men but since we can be sure since its hereditary. sages and scholars were expected to advise them instead.
Adoption of Confusionism in the Three Kingdoms Period in Korea.
Strong need for new ideology. Development from tribal federations towards centralised anciant state. Expanded its territory and esablished relations with china. All three kingdoms established Confusian educational institutions.
Explain the civil service Examination.
Royal Academy is established by King sinmun. Students studied chinese - five classics. There was three categories 1. composition examination 2. classic examination 3. Micellaneos technical examination.
Who was Buddha?
Siddhartha Gautama. Lived sheltered live as royal family. But was exposed to human suffering seing old, illness and death. and started searching for truth/enligtenment
What are the four truths in Buddhism
Core teaching. Buddhas first sermon.
- Life is suffering.
- Suffering is caused by the unsatisfaction from desire and attachments.
- suffering will be ended when people understand and eliminate the causes of suffering i.e. desires and attachments.
- Truth of the path to the end of suffering. Follow the middle way and the eightfold path.
Explain the middle path.
Neither indulgence or servere ascretism.
