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AP World > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Black Death

When did it happen?

A

The outbreak of a plague (mostly bubonic) in the fourteenth century that killed most of the population of Europe
After the crusades

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2
Q

Where were the mongols from og?
Rich in?
Location
Stretched from

A 
Asia:Mongolia 
Coal and iron 
North of China, South of Russia
Stretches from China to the Middle East 
And from Russia to India
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3
Q

What was the name of the Mongolians when they divided their empire?
How many?
Names
The Mongolian Empire is very

A 
Khanates 
4
Persia Khanates (Illkhanate)
China Khanates (yuan dynasty)
Golden Harde-Russia
Chagatai Khan (Mongol)
Big
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4
Q

Pax Mongolia
Pax definition?
What is pax Mongolia

A

Pax-Peace

During the time after Kublia Khan when the 5 Khanates were established most of the world was at peace

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5
Q

Successes/Accomplishments of Pax Mongolia

A

1) Military Tatics (use of various weapons) cavalry - soliders on horseback
2) create the use of the Silk Road- trade route
3) conquered China and established yuan dynasty
4) even though they were vicious initially-allowed them to use diplomacy (talk stuff through instead of fighting) to maintain power
5) culitural diffusion-silk road
6) largest empire

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6
Q

Where was the crusades?
Why do they travel?
What is their purpose?
What is their main seat of power?

A

Europe to Jerusalem
In order to fight the Muslims
For the Christians to reconsider Jerusalem
Constantinople established by Constantine the Roman Emporer

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7
Q

OttomN Empire and Constantinople
What’s it’s new name?
Who conquers it?

A

Conquers Constantinople under the Sultan Mehmet now it’s renamed as Istanbul

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8
Q

Where is the Ottoman Empire located?

Where are they from?

A

Turks from Anatolia (modern day turkey) took over

In Constantinople, all through Europe and North Africa

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9
Q

Janissaries

A

Enslaved Christian boys who are forced to convert to Islam and are trained to become elite warriors and hostile
They were the elite military force

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10
Q

Taj Mahal

A

A tomb built for Shah Jahans deceased wife.. its special because Shah Jahan needed money to build the Taj Mahal, so he increased taxes on his people which led to the bankruptcy of the Mughal Empire

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11
Q

Theodora

A

Wife of Justinian

She helped establish a number of churches and monasteries including a convent for former prostitutes

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12
Q

Jizya

A

Is the name of religious taxes by religious groups

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13
Q

Safavid Empire

Location

A

Middle East (Uzbekistan) from Europe to the Mediterranean Sea
Persia (Iran/Iraq) to Afghanistan
This area consisted now of Iraq Iran Turkey Afghanistan Pakistan Uzbekistan Turkinaistan

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14
Q

Who are the Safavids

A

Ppl that lived in the modern day Uzebekistan

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15
Q

Who was Safavid established by

A

Ishmael

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16
Q

Mughal Empire location

A

India

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17
Q

Islam was one big nation after the death of Muhammad there was a dispute in who should be leader next. This disput caused Islam to split. Shia Muslims and Sunni Muslims.
What do the Shia Muslims follow/believe?

A

The son in law, Ali should be the leader

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18
Q

What do the Sunni believe?

A

That there should be a caliph-a religious leader, that should be the leader

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19
Q

From the America’s more food related products came from them and other things like:

A

Tobacco
Rubber
Flavorings-Vanilla

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20
Q

From Europe,Africa and Asia

They brought…

A

Diseases (small pox, measles,malaria,influenza) which caused the death of the natives
Animals-cattle,sheep,pigs

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21
Q

Caravels
Who made them?
How?

A

Ships mobile enough to sail against the wind and engage in naval warfare and also large enough to be armed with heavy cannons and carry a large amount of goods over long distance
Europeans
With the use of sternpost rudder (imported from China) and learned how to combine the use of lateen sails with a square rig

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22
Q

Who were the famous medieval travelers to the east?
What year?
What did one of the sons do?
Who possessed one of the sons travel books?

A

The Polos of Venice
In 1271-Nicolo and Maffeo-merchants from Venice with Nicolos son Marco
Undertook the lengthy journey to teh court of the great Mongolia ruler Khubilai Khan
As one of the great khans ambassadors-Marco tracked to Japan as well and didnt return to Italy till 1295
An account of his experience of the Travels proved to be the most informative of all the descriptions of Asia
Christopher Colombus got himself a copy

23
Q

Astrolabe

A

Thsi helped the sailors find their way

By measuring The distance of the sun and the stars of the horizon the astrolabe help determine latitude

24
Q

Conquistadors

A

Conqueres

Leaders in the Spanish conquest in the Americas especially Mexico and Peru in the 16th century

25
Q

Encomienda system

A

The system by which Spain first governed it’s American colonies holders of an encomienda (a grant from the Spanish monarch to colonial conquistadors)
were supposed to protect the Indians as well as use them as laborers and collect tribute but in practice exploited (abuse,take advantage) them

26
Q

Encomienda

A

A grant from the Spanish monarch to colonial conquistadors

27
Q

Atlantic Slave Trade
Time period?
Definition?
Who tried to stop it?

A

16th century - 19th century
The trade in African slaves to the Americas became a major source of profit to European merchants
From the west and central Africa to east Africa
When Great Britain and a number of other European countries attempted to end the slave trade, nearly 2 million humans were exported

28
Q

What was the cause of the large amount of African deaths?

A

The middle passage

29
Q

The middle passage

A

The difficult voyage from Africa to the Americans

30
Q

Colombian Exchange
The introduction of…..increased food production in the America’s
The cultivation of……,all of them products of the Western Hemisphere had the same effect in Asia,Africa and Europe

A

Horse,Cow and various grain crops (Europe,Asia,Africa)

Corn,manioc and the potato (the America’s)

31
Q

Colombian exchange led to the enslavement of…who were…

A

Africans

Separated from families,shipped off to a far-off world with inhuman conditions

32
Q

Colombian Exchange
Also brought the destruction of….
Which killed the peoples of….with…brought by….

A

Cultures and diseases
America’s
Exploited and killed by diseases brought by Europeans

33
Q

The benefits of the Colombian exchange:

A

the spread the nomadic people across Central Asia and the expansion of Islam throughout the Middle East

initiated the exchange of plant and animal species that have been a benefit to people throughout the world.

34
Q

This expansion was a crucial factor in…

A

growth of commercial capitalism that set the stage for the global economy of the modern era.

35
Q

Colombian Exchange
Hurtful for the…
Beneficial for the…

A

Africanas and peoples of the America’s

Europeans

36
Q

Geocentric theory

A

The idea that the earth is at the center of the universe and that the sun and I’ll just celestial objects revolve around the earth

37
Q

Heliocentric theory

Who came up with this?

A

They did at the sun is at the center of the universe

Copernicus

38
Q

Who supported the heliocentric system?

What did he find?

A

Kepler

That the planents do not revolve around the sun in a circular motion but elliptical

39
Q

What did Galileo do?

A

Was the first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by means of a telescope

40
Q

What did Galileos revelations do?
What did the church ask of Galileo?
Why?

A

Made Europeans aware of a new picture of the universe
The Catholic church ordered Galileo to abandon the Copernican thesis
They believed in threat and the entire conception of the universe that the heavens were no longer a spiritual world but a world of matter

41
Q

What did Newton do?

What did Newton’s world machine concept do?

A

He defined the three laws of motion that govern the planetary bodies as well as objects on earth-gravity

dominated the modern worldview

42
Q

what scientific advances were necessary as the means carried out for the success of exploring the world?

A

The stern post rudder- invented in China. This helped for better navigation in control of ships of increasing the size
Lateen sails- this allowed ships to sell in a new direction regardless of the wind
Astrolabe
Magnetic Compass- from Chinese. The magnetic compass traveled west through trade w/ Arabs and allowed sailors to determine direction without staying in sight of land
Caravels- large chips with a larger lateen sails and there was bigger space to carry goods and weapons like cannons

43
Q

Muslims controlled

A

land route of all trade

44
Q

What are the similarities between the Black Death and crusades impact on the Jews?

A

In both the Jews were being attacked
Black Death- The Jews were being killed. They’re were being blamed for the cause of it. More than 60 major Jewish groups were exterminated by 1351
Crusades- the goal of the Christians were to conquer Jerusalem which was the home of many Jews. In order to conquer something, death is usually involved. Many jew lives were lost.

45
Q

What causes the Black Death?

A

In October 1347 Genoese merchants brought it from Caffa to Sicily

46
Q

Cons from the Black Death

A

Trade declined
Industries suffered
Landlords were paying more for labor at the same time their rental income was declining
Less people,smaller businesses, less money, harder to thrive
Taxes was added on each adult member of the population (The Rnglish Peasents Revolt of 1381)
This caused rebellion as peasents burned down houses of aristocrats, lawyers and government officials

47
Q

Pros of Black Death

A

created surplus of food and job availability-due to many lives gone

48
Q

The Dutch had established the mainland colony of____

Which stretched from the mouth of____Till___

A

New Netherland

Hudson River as far as the north of Albany,New York

49
Q

Who took over New Netherland?
What year?
New name?

A

The English
1664
New York

50
Q

What did the English do?

A

They established their own colonies in North America.

51
Q

Harem

A

A place in the home that is reserved for Muslim women

52
Q

Demarcation Line

A

(it is saying that its a border-one side is for you and one side is for me)
Treaty of Tordesillas

53
Q

Why was Marco polos trip from China so imp?

A

(It opened up trade between China and Europe. He brought back goods- paper currency and gun powder)
He introduced Europe to Asian spices and Silk Road

54
Q

Spanish motives

Means

A

Gd Gold Glory

They used the encomendia system which rewarded Spanish explorers with land in the new world

AP World (5 decks)

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