Protestant Reformation (change) and Enlightment

Question 1

Who is the main person?

Answer 1

Martin Luther

Question 2

Year of the Protestant reformation

Answer 2

1520s

Question 3

What was invented during this time?
Thsi was a significant development in the world because?
Who created it?

Answer 3

The printing press
It allows for the spread of ideas in a rapid form
Johannes Gutenberg

Question 4

The Refirmation takes place around the same time as the

Answer 4

Renaissance

Question 5

What was the cause of the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 5

The Roman Catholic Church had grown way too powerful and way too wealthy
They strayed from moral (personal right from wrong) and ethical (social system) standards of the Bible (New Testament)

Question 6

Simony

Answer 6

The buying and the selling of church positions such as

Pope cardinal bishop and priest

Question 7

Indulgences

Answer 7

Issued by the pope or local priests or bishop sold to ppl to reduce ppls time in purgatory

Question 8

What does simony and indulgences point out?

Answer 8

The unetichical nature of Catholicism European chiristaniy

Question 9

Martin Luther
Year
He was what kind of student
What did he write

Answer 9

1483-1546
Theologian and law student
He wrote the 95 Thesis

Question 10

What was Martin Luther fed up with
What did people believed at that time
What did Luther believe

Answer 10

The corruption of the Catholic Church
Ppl believed that an individual can receive salvation from their sins as long as they paid the church enough money
He believed that salvation can only come through faith alone
He believes each person can serve gd in his/her ownnway even through living a secular life
He believes that clergy can be married

Question 11

Who are the three people associated with the reform of the Catholic Church

Answer 11

Martin Luther - The Protestant Reformation (you don’t need a priest to talk to gd you can do that in your own) (change in Christianity begins with him, once change begins ppl jump on that)
John Calvin - Predetermination (basically that everything in the world is meant to be that way, if you’re poor gd meant it for you to be that way)(saw nuns and sinful and corrupt)
Ulrich Zwingli- introduced the reform ideas of Luther in Switzerland

Question 12

The great schism
What year
How many pipes did Europe have? And from where?
What does this schism cause?
Thsi extends where?

Answer 12

Late 1300-1400
2 pipes at the same time 1 from France and one from Rome
Causes chaos confusion and more corruption
Extends into political life of Europe

Question 13

The Enlightment
Year
Also know as
It was a period of time in ___

Answer 13

Late 1600-mid/late 1700
The Age of Reason
Europe (mostly 1700s) when people began to question old ideas (socially, politically, religiously) to search for knowledge using science and logic and reason

Question 14

Enlightenment is also known as

It replaces

Answer 14

The Age of Light
The darkness of superstition (religion) and ignorance (dominated by absolute monarchs who believe in the Divine Right of Kings and Queens)

Question 15

What is the Dicine Right of Kings and Queens

Answer 15

When people believe they should rule because gd chose them

Question 16

What do writers begin to comment on?

Answer 16

The prior 300-400 years of oppressive “absolutism” (supreme power) and challenge the logic and reasoning of absolute control over people

Question 17

What is proved to be false? By who?

So what makes a ruler?

Answer 17

Absolutism and the idea of Divine Right is proved by great things to be false
And that the rulers were not justified in their belief because a ruler is only that if they have people that willingly follow them

Question 18

Most enlightment thinkets believed that

Answer 18

All people had natural rights

Question 19

The idea of

Answer 19

New thoughts challenging church control of ppls minds comes into question after the Renaissance and the scienctific revolution

Question 20

Enlightment thinkers what year

Answer 20

Late 1600- early 1800

Question 21

Thomas Hobbes
What did he write
Drying what
He says what

Answer 21

The Leviathan
The English Civil War
Man are essentially geeky and selfish = they act out of self intrest

Question 22

John Locke
From where
Writes about what
What’s the purpose of govt and why

Answer 22

From England
Writes about all human beings being born with Natural Rights = life liberty property - rights that no govt can give Or take away - gd given
To protect natural right because govt gets it’s power to rule from “the consent of the governed”

Question 23

Jean Jacques Rouseeau
What does he write
What’s his main belief

Answer 23

Emile
In a “social contract”
“Everywhere man is in chains”
“Man is born good but society corrupts him”

Question 24

People enter into a
The purpose is
Therefore what

Answer 24

A social contract with the govt surrending (exchanging) individual rights (to a degree)
For the common hood
The purpose is to empower the social will of the people
Rousseau sees the purpose of govt to be a “necessary evil” in order for it to protect the general will

Question 25

Baron Montesquieu
What did he write
What did he want
What did he believed

Answer 25

The spirit of the laws
Wanted to limit the power of absolute monarchy
Power to give with should be separated among 3 branches of govt

Question 26

What are the three branches

Answer 26

Legislative branch - makes the laws
Executive branch - enforces the law
Judicial Branch - determines if the law is constitutional

Question 27

What is the purpose of the 3 branches

Answer 27

To ensure that no one branch has more power than the other

Question 28

Summary?

Answer 28

Locke and Montesquieu would have a profound (menagingful) impact in Jefforsons writing of the Decekeration of Independence and the writing of the US Constitution (primarily written by James Madison)

Question 29

Jean MariebArouet
Also known as
He often object to
And is considered a

Answer 29

Voltaire
Often objected to the power of the church and religion in general
Considered a Deist

Question 30

What’s a Deist

Answer 30

Someone who believes in a suprememe power, but doesn’t believe that that supreme being is always there and always in control of what happens