Midterm (A-F) Flashcards
(29 cards)
Age Structure
The interaction between natality and mortality’s affects on growing and declining populations differently, such that they have different proportions of individuals in certain age classes.
(Population Pyramid)
Absolute Poverty
The poor lack the basic resources necessary to sustain life
Birth Rate
Annual number of births per 1,000 people in the total population.
Birth Spacing
The time between births as an indicator of family planning
Bureacracy
A form of social organization based on written rules and procedures, designed to coordinate the actions of large numbers of people.
Carrying Capacity
The maximum number of individuals that can be supported on a long-term basis by a particular ecosystem.
Caste System
A stratification system in which movement between strata is virtually closed, so individuals stay, for their entire lives, in the stratum into which they were born.
Class System
A stratification system in which movement between strata is possible, so individuals can change strata over the course of their lives.
Climate
The average weather in a region
Colonialism
The conquest of one country by another, resulting in the former ruling the latter, claiming its natural resources, and exploiting the population as cheap or slave labor.
Complex emergency
A crisis that may include natural disasters, drought, famine, or war.
DALY
Disability-Adjustment Life Years;
Estimating the burden of disease of a population by assigning weights to the average number of years lost to disability and death due to various causes.
Death Rate
Annual number of deaths per 1,000 people in the total population.
Demographic Transition
A typical pattern of falling birth and death rates due to improved living conditions associated with economic development.
Dependency Ration
The number of non-working (kids and seniors) in a population, divided by the number of working age people in the same population.
Dependency Theory
A theory that explains the poverty of low-income countries as the result of the policies and practices that high-income countries pursue to amass greater wealth while putting low-income countries in a position of relative dependency on them.
(e.g., extracting resources)
Desertification
Denuding and degrading a once-fertile land which initiates a desert-producing cycle
Disease
A deleterious change to the body’s condition in response to an environmental factor that could be nutritional, chemical, biological, or psychological.
Distributive Justice
The benefits and risks of research and policy should be equally distributed to all people.
DOTS
Directly-Observed Therapy (short-course)
A strategy for assuring drug treatment compliance, usually associated with tuberculosis
Economic Culture
The system of values, beliefs, and traditions in which economic activities and economic institutions exist.
Epidemiology
The study of disease in the population
Epidemiologic Transition
A result of technology and nutrition which affects the main burdens of disease of a population. Low income countries experience infectious disease and nutrition related illnesses. High income countries experience chronic illnesses and age-related diseases.
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
