Midterm (N-Z) Flashcards
(21 cards)
Neocolonialism
The relationships between multinational corporations and low-income countries in which economic power of the multinationals dominates low-income countries in ways similar to the political control perviously exercised by foreign governments.
Natality
The addition of new individuals to a population by birth.
Nutrition Transition
The burden of nutrition-related illness differs by the demographics of a population. Developing countries tend to experience problems of undernutrition. Middle income countries may experience undernutrition and overfeeding simultaneously, High Income countries tend to experience problems of overfeeding.
Passive Immunity
An immune response that is acquired through breastmilk or immunoglobulin shots.
Per Capita GNP
The total value of the goods and services produced in a country each year, divided by the numbers of people in the country’s population.
Population Density
Land area per person
Population Momentum
When a population contains a large number of pre-reproductive individuals.
Population Planning
Accounting for current and future population needs for the purpose of policy development.
Population Pyramid
An age structure diagram that depicts males and females graphed against a central axis. Normally bars represent five-year age groups, but not always.
Precautionary Principle
When an activity (policy) threatens to create harm, it is best to be cautious even if there is no solid scientific proof that harm with manifest.
(e.g., carbon emissions and global warming)
Refugee
A person who has been forced to involuntarily move from their home country for security relative to war, civil war, political strife, or persecution.
Relative Poverty
The poor lack many of the resources available to the rest of the population, but nevertheless have the basic necessities of life.
Social Class
An individual’s socioeconomic position in society based on their role in production.
Social Institutions
A set of social processes and social structures that operate to address a social need; teach individuals what to expect of others in terms of values, beliefs, norms, traditions, and general behavior.
Social Stratification
A system of ranking people in hierarchy according to certain attributes.
Sub-Replacement Fertility
A total fertility rate that is not high enough to replace an area’s population.
Upper-Middle Income Countries
Countries with an annual per capita GNI between about $3,976 and $12,275.
Vital Statistics
The information maintained by a government, recording the birth and death of individuals within a government’s jurisdiction… in the United States [this is done by] the National Center for Health Statistics of the CDC.
Wealth
The material component of stratification, determined by income and other assets.
WHO Definition of Health
A state of complete physical, mental, social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
World Systems Theory
A theory that emphasizes the interconnections of countries in the global capitalist production process, which results in an uneven distribution of profits across the countries depending on their participation in core or peripheral production activities.
