midterm- aristotle

Question 1

what can be used as a form of guidance

Answer 1

pleasure/pain

Question 2

What are the common beliefs as to what happiness is that Aristotle proves wrong

Answer 2

honor, pleasure, wealth

Question 3

What is the good

Answer 3

That which everyone seeks

Question 4

What is the highest good

Answer 4

The good that is being pursued for its own sake, not as a means to any other good, it is essential to life

Question 5

What are the two things that happiness is

Answer 5

It is the highest good, and it is complete

Question 6

What is a happy human

Answer 6

Has everything he/she needs to complete their function

Question 7

Three things to have for function

Answer 7

1. Conform to their function
2. Have all the necessary things needed to perform function
3. Over a complete life

Question 8

What allows us to perform our function

Answer 8

Our virtues- we are given virtues from nature, but we can only activate them and become virtuous through our actions

Question 9

What are the three parts of the soul

Answer 9

Rational- virtues of thought formed by experience and study

a. Practical
b. Theoretical

Part of the soul that gives the body life

Nonrational- virtues of character formed by habit, pleasure/ pain

a. Appetitive
b. Vegetative

Question 10

Book I concept:

Answer 10

Happiness

Question 11

Book II concept:

Answer 11

Virtues of Character

Question 12

____ or ____ determines character

Answer 12

pleasure, pain

Question 13

How are actions and virtues related

Answer 13

Our actions are based on pleasure vs. pain, and we need to do actions in order to be virtuous !

Question 14

A virtue is a ___, and is a mean between two ___.

Answer 14

state, vices

Question 15

The virtues we possess causes us to be

Answer 15

in a good state, and able to perform our function well!

Question 16

virtue =

Answer 16

Aim at what is intermediate, THIS IS THE BEST CONDITION

Question 17

Everyone has different means, but what is the same for everyone?

Answer 17

Our nature and our target, we just have different personalities and different communities that cause us to hit the target differently

Question 18

How is ethics objective yet subjective

Answer 18

objective- we are all given the same nature

subjective- we all give the center of the target differently

Question 19

____ –> ___ –> ____

Answer 19

Deficiency, Mean, Excess

Question 20

How do we hit the mean or target?

Answer 20

We aim at either vice and adjust accordingly, we either pull back with more tension or we make it more loose

Question 21

Book III concept

Answer 21

Preconditions of virtue

Question 22

Name the four types of actions

Answer 22

Voluntary
Mixed
Nonvoluntary
Involuntary

Question 23

Voluntary actions

Answer 23

Are known, you choose to do them, there are two types

a. Done with knowledge- you know what you’re doing you just don’t know if its ethical
b. Done in ignorance- drunkness, we choose to get drunk which causes our bad actions

Question 24

Mixed actions

Answer 24

Actions that are done because we are forced to do something good or bad, involuntary because someone is making us do it, but voluntary because we actually end up doing that thing

Question 25

Nonvoluntary

Answer 25

Actions done by ignorance without pain or regret (ex: holding the door for someone accidentally )

Question 26

Involuntary

Answer 26

Actions done by ignorance with pain and regret, things you would not have done if you knew you were doing it (ex: hitting someone with your car)

Question 27

What is fear

Answer 27

The expectation of something bad, what is frightening varies from person to person

Question 28

What is most frightening

Answer 28

death

Question 29

The brave person

Answer 29

Stands firm against the right things, and fears things at the right time/ way

Question 30

____ --> bravery --> _____

Answer 30

cowardice, rash

Question 31

What is temperance

Answer 31

The mean concerned with pleasures

Question 32

Pleasures from the soul vs. pleasures from the body

Answer 32

soul- thought, not body, getting pleasure in healthy food | body- objects of appetite, pleasure out of mcdonalds

Question 33

___ --> temperance --> _______

Answer 33

intemperate- voluntary and caused by pleasure | cowardice - caused by pain

Question 34

How can we see things that appear to us how we really are?

Answer 34

If we form our virtues, which allow us to form our character

Question 35

Book IV concept

Answer 35

Different types of virtues

Question 36

Generosity is the means of

Answer 36

giving and taking wealth

Question 37

The generous person gives

Answer 37

at the right times, from the right sources, to the right people

Question 38

Give the two vices to generous

Answer 38

Wastefulness --> Generosity --> Ungenerosity

Question 39

The wasteful person

Answer 39

gives to the wrong people

Question 40

The generous person uses rationality to

Answer 40

decide when to give and how much money to give, it is not just random acts of kindness

Question 41

Give the two vices to magnificence

Answer 41

stinginess --> Magnificence --> Vulgarity

Question 42

what is being vulgar

Answer 42

buying first round of drinks because you're having a good day, lord henry, displays wealth

Question 43

what is the act of magnificence that krom gave

Answer 43

buying the first round of drinks because your daughter is getting married

Question 44

the magnificent person spends money on ____

Answer 44

the common good

Question 45

The magnanimous person

Answer 45

thinks of himself worthy of great things and actually deserves them

Question 46

____ is superior to receiver applies to which virtue

Answer 46

giver, magnanimity

Question 47

to be magnanimous

Answer 47

you must be fine and good and possess all the virtues

Question 48

give the vices of magnanimity

Answer 48

pusillanimous (people who are great but are unaware) --> magnanimity --> vanity

Question 49

Why is magnanimity no the absolute best virtue

Answer 49

is is only in relation to one self

Question 50

Book V concept

Answer 50

justice- the ultimate virtue

Question 51

The just person aims at

Answer 51

what is good- is an overreacher, maybe this makes it the best too because he is always reaching for something great instead of the magnanimous person already thinks he has everything great

Question 52

the just person is abiding to the

Answer 52

law and is fair

Question 53

The just person is a virtue in relation to

Answer 53

one another, happiness is in relation to the whole community

Question 54

The two types of justice

Answer 54

general justice and special justice

Question 55

general justice

Answer 55

justice done by government law but unjust / viscous in the way you are doing it (ex: latrobe bikes )

Question 56

Special justice

Answer 56

relating members of the community to one another

Question 57

two types of special justice

Answer 57

a. distributive justice | b. rectificatory

Question 58

distributive justice

Answer 58

donations, tries to make us equal, must come from someone in charge- ex: boss giving employees bonus)

Question 59

rectificatory justice

Answer 59

measure of the value depends on the need a. voluntary- a contract, buying something off of someone b. involuntary- someone punching Dr. Krom- he suffers from a loss