Midterm COPY Flashcards by Mickey Scanlon

Emerging adults drink _______ heavily and risker than adults

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What treatment does the Sociological model of addiction focus on?

Societal changes, not the individual

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AA Step 8: Made a list of all person we had harmed and became willing to make amends to all

Acknowledging the pain that you’ve brought to others through your addiction and the willingness to make amends

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AA Step 3: Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood him

Deciding to get out of your own way and accept help in some form

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What percent of Canadians consumed alcohol in the last year?

Almost 80%

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Effective Correctional treatment programs are _______ based and use _______ methods and techniques

Evidence

Effective

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What area did Canada lose the most money in relation to substance use?

Productivity loss

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What are some reasons diversion is so popular?

Massive mark-ups
Easy to conceal/transport
Belief they are safer than illicit drugs
Lack of inspectors, monitoring, and education

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AA Step 11: Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God, as we understood Him, praying only for knowledge of His will and the power to carry that out

Mindful attempt to understand the path that we need to take

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As severity of drug use goes up the _______ impact on different areas in life _______

Negative

Increases

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_______ youth are more likely to opioids, solvents, stimulants, tranquilizers, sedatives, or prescription drugs

Female

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Overall number of drug offences as _______ in past 30 years

Increased

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Which model of addictions resorts to punishment as treatment for addiction?

Moral Model

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_______ Model - societies with _______ levels of guilt, _______, aggression, and conflict have higher rates of drug abuse

Sociological Model
Higher
Stress

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Traditional perspectives on substance misuse treatment in corrections emphasizes _______ community and _______ programs which are _______ in prison environment since offenders are prone to _______

Therapeutic
12-Step programs
Problematic
Manipulation

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What is an example of an Antagonist therapy drug?

Naloxone (Narcan)

Only lasts 3 minutes

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Effective correctional treatment programs are multi-faceted - use multiple _______, there is no one _______

Approaches

Solution

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Offender populations represent one of the most _______ substance misusing populations

Severe

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Which model of addiction believes there is a genetic predisposition which leads to an inherited vulnerability to addiction?

Biological Model

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Which drug is responsible for around 80% of all drug related deaths?

Tobacco

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What are some criticisms of the Biological model of addiction?

Lacks comprehensive integrated theory - inconsistent research
Many aspects of addiction do not mirror disease process

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Which models of addiction see addicts as criminals?

Sociological & Moral Models

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What is the main belief behind the Cognitive, Social, Psychological model of addiction?

Problematic use evolves in response to a variety of personal, psychological, social, and contextual factors

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Traditional perspectives on substance misuse treatment in corrections expects offenders to be _______ free and remain _______ - these expectations do not take into account the characteristics of addiction such as it being a chronic, progressive _______

Medication
Abstinent
Illness

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What are some ways diversion occurs?

``` Multiple prescriptions Theft Purchasing off friends, family, dealer Fraud Diversion from wholesale or retail ```

How much did the Canadian government lose to substance use in 2009?

$40 Billion

Percentage of overall use among youth in Canada has _______ from 1999-2009 for all substances

Decreased

The Risk Principle: - _______ risk cases have most to gain and respond better to _______ treatment - _______ risk cases do better with minimal treatment - Placing _______ risk offenders with _______ risk offenders may make them worse

High, Intensive Low Low, High

_______ youth are more likely to use alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, hallucinogens, meth, or heroin

Male

Less severe drug use problem = _______ likely to have completed previous treatment

Severe drug users make up the _______ percent of the offender population

Lowest

Which model of addiction is referred to as the Judgement model and is based on beliefs or judgements about right and wrong?

Moral Model

What are some criticisms of the Moral model of addictions?

Offers no real help, not very humanistic No developed theoretical perspective Lacks evidence for effectiveness of punishment on problematic use reduction

Almost __ of Canadians have been a passenger with a drunk driver in the past year

1/5 or 20%

Offenders with higher severity of drug use problem are at higher _______ risk and more likely to get in trouble in _______

Criminal | Institution

Who are most likely to abuse prescription drugs?

Those with alcohol use problems

Which model of addiction would ask - 'How do large issues such as inequality, poverty, race, gender, social disorganization, and peers/parental behaviour influence drug use and addiction?'

Sociological Model

AA Step 1: We admitted we were powerless over alcohol - that our lives had become unmanageable

Admitting the severity of the problem and coming forward

Addiction is a chronically _______ condition

Relapsing

Abstinence increases likelihood of _______, which may be related to _______

Relapsing | Re-offending

Traditional perspectives on substance misuse treatment in corrections are _______ based with no _______ support that they are effective

Belief | Empirical

Most regular cannabis users admit to having problems _______ use and dealing with strong _______ to use

Controlling | Desire

CSP model of addiction - Use in response to people, places, things, events, _______ and _______

Thoughts and Feelings

AA Step 6: We were entirely ready to have God remove all these defect of character

Letting go of the behaviours and attitudes which are holding you back

What is the most used substance amongst youth in Canada?

Alcohol

_______ use has increased drastically while _______ use has dropped and _______ use has only increased slightly

Cocaine Heroin Cannabis

What type area of life do alcohol and illicit drugs have the most harmful effects on over a lifetime?

Friendships and social life | Physical health

What is common amongst offenders who are severe drug users?

More likely to have been using during offence More likely to have misused in past criminal history More likely to have been introduced to drugs earlier More likely to recognize problem Less likely to be motivated to complete treatment

Which model of addictions focuses on the effects of societies on drug use?

Sociological Model

CSP model of addiction sees substance use as a _______ behaviour as a result of complex _______ and _______

Learned | Shaping and Reinforcement

What does agonist drug therapy too?

Drug replacement therapy - replaces problematic drug | Binds to receptor cells - eliminates withdrawal symptoms

Which model of addictions believes addictions stems from a biological-based abnormality?

Biological Model

What drug induces a strong physical aversion to alcohol?

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

What does antagonist drug therapy do?

Reverse or prevent effects of drug

What is the goal of treatment with the CSP model of addiction?

To Unlearn problematic substance use behaviour and learn new replacement behaviour

CSP model of addiction Treatment - Strategic acquisition of new skills to understand and handle _______, _______ and high risk situations, develop _______ skills and enhance confidence

Craving, Urges | Coping

AA Step 10: Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admitted it

Admitting our wrongs - being honest with ourself

What types of drugs are used in diversion?

Psychotropic Medications such as Pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, sedatives, barbiturates

Traditional perspectives on substance misuse treatment in corrections is _______ which leads to _______ behaviour and aggression

Confrontative | Defensive

Which model of addiction believes that the person is sick and the addiction is beyond their control?

Biological Model

_______ youth more likely to report coexisting problems related to substance use

Female

Alcohol mostly highly correlated with _______ crimes

Violent

Sociologist approach addiction largely through a _______ and _______ perspective

Crime and Deviance

What is one benefit of the sociological model?

Examining the social influence of behaviour can serve to position and conceptualize treatment models and approaches

Benefits of Treatment Matching - Many offenders do not need _______ treatment, avoid any unnecessary or _______ treatment and associated _______ , focus on treatment _______

Extensive Ineffective Costs Efficacy

AA Step 9: Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others

Taking action on the list

What are some criticisms of the Sociological model of addiction?

Does not take into account individual difference or psychological/biological factors Offers no real direct aid, support or help

What are some criticisms for the Cognitive, Social, Psychological model of addiction?

Does not take into account biological and physiological factors Does not include spiritual component

Harm reduction is a _______, client-centered, non-_______ approach to addiction

Humanistic | Judgemental

Driving _______ perceived as less dangerous than driving _______ among youth

High | Drunk

What negative impacts does alcohol have on other's?

Insulting or humiliating Argument or quarrels Verbal abuse Being a passenger of a drunk driver

Canadians among the _______ consumers of psychotropic medications

Heaviest

Which substances cost Canada the most money

Tobacco and Alcohol

Harm reduction refocuses the attention away from _______ towards _______ of drug use

Drugs | Consequences

AA Step 7: Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcoming

Recognizing that we must change the ways we are doing things that don't work

Which model of addiction believes there is no cure to addiction?

Biological Model

Appropriate intensity of treatment - people vary so programs need to be _______ to each individual person and their needs - understand the client and build a _______ for them

Matched | Program

What is the treatment used in the Biological model of addiction?

Abstinence - reduction is not an option | 12-step programs and AA/NA

AA Step 5: Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs

Recognizing the impact of your behaviour and expressing it to someone else

Treatment should lie on a _______ and match the _______

Continuum | Severity

AA Step 4: Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves

Honest candid exploration of self

_______ and older students more likely to have substance use problems

Males

Which illicit drug have more people tried in their lifetime compared to any other drug?

Cannabis

Traditional perspective on substance misuse treatment in corrections is _______ and _______ as well as being authoritarian and _______ (i.e. 'do what I say')

Moralistic and Judgemental | Directive

AA Step 2: Came to believe a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanit

Hope - realizing that recovery is possible

What is diversion?

Use of prescription drugs for purposes other than that for which they are intended or prescribed

Drugs most highly correlated with _______ crimes

Acquisitive (theft, robbery, etc.)

What the most common types of drinkers?

Light, infrequent - 40% | Light, frequent - 30%

Sociological Model focuses on the effects of overt _______ on addiction

Capitalism

Overall substance use offers many _______ and lies on a _______ - there is no one clear cut answer or solution

Challenges | Continuum

What is the Biological model of addictions sometimes referred to as?

Disease Model

AA Step 12: Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all of our affairs

Helping others the way you were helped, practicing everything you have learned

Which sex of offender is more likely to have a severe-substantial use problem?

Female

Which model of addictions implies that drug users are bad or sinful people and that there is something morally wrong with users

Moral Model

What effects has the Moral model of addictions had on US Drug policy and prison population?

It has heavily influence US drug policy and driven up the prison population

Effective correctional programs should be monitored and _______ for constant _______

Researched | Improvement

Monthly heavy drinkers more present in males or females?

Males (more so when older)

Between 70-80% of offenders have _______ _______ problems

Substance misuse

What are some clinical examples of agonist drug therapy?

Methadone Naltrexone Buprenorphine

Which drugs are most commonly used within month before arrest?

Marijuana, alcohol & drugs and cocaine

More severe drug use problem = _______ likely to previously tried treatment

Midterm COPY Flashcards

(101 cards)