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Ecology Lecture > MIDTERM ECOLEC > Flashcards

MIDTERM ECOLEC Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What isco-evolution and the life-dinner principle?

A

Predator runs for the dinner; Prey runs for its life.

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2
Q

Mechanisms of Evolution

A
  • Natural Selection
  • Gene Flow
  • Sexual Selection

NGS

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3
Q

What can be a mechanism to evolution? and what are possible examples?

A
  • Predation can be a mechanism for evolution. Possible examples are Camouflage, Directional, Stabilizer
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4
Q

Display their potential, specifically they are poisonous to their predator. (intensely colorful like nudibranchs)

A

Aposematism/ Aposematic Display

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5
Q

Tries to startle predator by their structure (like insects/moths)

A

Deimatic Coloration Display

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6
Q

A method of camouflage in which an animal’s coloration is darker on the top or upper side and lighter on the underside. (Like sharks)

A

Countershading Display

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7
Q

Noxious animals converge to form same traits and characteristics.

A

Mullerian Mimicry (Like different species of butterfly that are similar to color, dots, bodies, & wings/ noxious animals converge)

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8
Q

When a species mimics the warning signals of another species without having the characteristics that make it undesirable to their shared predator.

A

Batesian Mimicry (Like a prey butterfly mimicking the colors of a venomous butterfly/ prey acts as distasteful/poisonous)

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9
Q

Co-evolution of both predator and prey

A

Co evolution and Red queen hypothesis

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10
Q

An evolutionary theory that states that species must constantly adapt, evolve, and proliferate in order to maintain their relative fitness in a competitive environment.

A

Red Queen Hypothesis

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11
Q

A series of actions that predators take to hunt for food and it includes searching, chasing, catching, processing, and ingesting.

A

Foraging behavior

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12
Q

Why you choose to stay on one place when you can go to another.

A

Patch Size

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13
Q

How important your prey item is/ value of resources.

A

Utility Function

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14
Q

Predicts that predators which face starvation if there is a temporary shortfall in their food supply should choose feeding sites on the basis of variation in as well as mean expected reward rate.

A

Risk Sensitive Foraging (Theory)

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15
Q

Two types of energy source

A

Chemicals and Light

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16
Q

What is under chemicals and light?

A

Chemicals- Chemotrophy (chemoorganotrophs)
Light- Phototrophy

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17
Q

Two things under electron source

A

Organotroph, Lithotroph

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18
Q

Bacteria and Archaea- heterotrophic, photosynthetic, chemosynthetic are all under what?

A

Prokaryotes

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19
Q

Produced by producers and consumers, used by decomposers to convert into inorganic nutrients

A

Detritus

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20
Q

PAR

A

Photosynthetically Active Radiation

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21
Q

Provide radiation for shade tolerant organisms

A

Sunflecks

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22
Q

Pigment found in algae

A

Phycobilin

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23
Q

Acts as oxidants to prevent plants from overheating. It also captures excessive light

24
Q

Co2 linked w/ carbon skeleton (from calvin cycle)

Study These Flashcards
A

Carboxylation

25
Carbohydrates is formed, plus NADPH (reduce ATP) (From calvin cycle)
Reduction
26
RBuP re-formed. (From calvin cycle)
Regeneration
27
Requires continued operation of the calvin cycle.
C2 oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle.
28
Is the reduction of water loss by transpiration, achieved by the stomatal opening during the night.
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
29
Equal rate of photosynthesis and respiration
Compensation Points
30
Part in plants where respiration happens
Mitochondria
31
Collection of bacteroid surrounded by 2 membrane originating from the plant
Symbiosome
32
Nutrifying bacteria, common chemoautotrophs living in soils and aquatic environments
Nitrosomonas sp.
33
Form of a trait at one end of a range of variation is adapted.
Directional Selection
34
Two things under Risk Sensitive foraging
Hunger state, Value (utility)
35
1 F, 2 M
Polygyny
36
1 M, 2 F
Polyandry
37
2 F, 2 M
Polygynandry
38
Microgamete, sperm
Male
39
Macrogamete, fenal
Female
40
A form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of the same morphology (indistinguishable in shape and size), and is found in most unicellular eukaryotes
Isogamous Species
41
A form of sexual reproduction wherein males and females produce sex cells, or gametes, of different sizes
Anisogamous species (2 distinct sizes)
42
Can choose mate by true will
Intersexual Sexual Selection
43
Competing with the same sex; winner is the male
Intrasexual Sexual Relation
44
A communal area where two or more male animals of the same species gather to perform courtship displays and compete for the attention of females
Lek (aggregation of males seeking to attract mate)
45
Family relationship reciprocal altruism- doing good things to others expecting others will do it back to you.
Kin
46
Two things under fitness (Ex. Ant colony)
Direct individual reproduction, and Indirect added fitness gained from helping relatives
47
Animal's reproductive output (direct) plus added reproductive gained by relatives due to aid giving by the first animal (indirect)
Inclusive
48
The tendency of an animal to remain in or return to the area of its birth/ area of breeding
Philopatry
49
Male group together to find a mate
Coallition
50
One in which animals group together but are motivated by their own interests
Selfish herd
51
Selection Graph (Three graphs)
Stabilizing selection, (^) Disruptive Selection(^M), Directional Selection(^^)
52
Social Groupings (5)
1. Kin's Selection 2. Group Selection 3. Reciprocal Altruism 4. Selfish Teamwork 5. Stolen/manipulate
53
Lives in colonies with overlapping generations in which the mother plays the reproductive role, and offspring the worker
Eusocial Sp.
54
Diplodiploid animals
Female and male are diploid and each has two chromosomes
55
Haplodiploid animals
One gender is haploid, and the other one is diploid
56
3 Things under Calvin Cycle
-Carboxylation -Reduction -Regeneration
57
Three things under display
-Aposematism -Coloration deimatic display -Countershading

Ecology Lecture (5 decks)

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