Midterm: endo

Question 1

Buffalo hump

Answer 1

fat pad associated with Cushing’s syndrome

Question 2

Moon facies

Answer 2

wide, round face associated with Cushing’s syndrome

Question 3

Herring bodies

Answer 3

Herring bodies – neurosecretory bodies that represent the terminal axons from hypothalamus in post. pituitary

Question 4

Hurthle cells

Answer 4

Hurthle cells – enlarged epithelial cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm that are associated with hashimoto’s thyroiditis and follicular thyroid cancer

Question 5

Orphan Annie eye nuclei

Answer 5

Orphan Annie eye nuclei – large nuclei cleared out in the center with powdery chromatin at the periphery appears empty

==papillary thyroid carcinoma

Question 6

Zellballen

Answer 6

Zellballen- “cell balls”

nest-like clusters of cells

seen in neuroendocrine tumors, pheochromocytoma

Question 7

Salt & pepper nuclei

Answer 7

Salt & pepper nuclei – granular/stippled chromatin inclusions in nucleus

seen in neuroendocrine tumors, pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma

Question 8

Kimmelstiel–Wilson nodules

Answer 8

Kimmelstiel–Wilson nodules – nodules of hyaline that form in the glomerulus, associated with diabetes

Question 9

Homer-Wright pseudorosettes

Answer 9

Homer-Wright pseudorosettes – circular structure of : differentiated tumor cells surrounding a thin matrix of ependymal (glial) cells surrounding a vessel (lumen) common in neuroblastomas

Question 10

Kernicterus

Answer 10

Seen in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia that can manifest as neurologic damage

Question 11

Blue-dome appearance

Answer 11

bluish appearance on outside of cysts seen with fibrocystic changes

Question 12

small, round, blue cells

Answer 12

neuroblasts

this module think: adrenal medulla neuroblastoma (children with rapidly enlarging abdominal mass and “blueberry muffin babies”)

Question 13

most common single, solid tumor in children (3)

Answer 13

1 neuroblastoma 2 wilms tumor 3 osteosarcoma

Question 14

most common neoplasia in children (1)

Answer 14

leukemias

Question 15

follicles with scalloped colliod

Answer 15

graves disease= hyperthyroidism

Question 16

Blueberry muffin baby

Answer 16

Blue purpura (cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis)

this module think: adrenal medulla neuroblastoma (children with rapidly enlarging abdominal mass)

Question 17

scrotum with “bag of worms” appearance

Answer 17

Variocele= dilation of spermatic vein 2* impaired drainage

Question 18

teenager with history of parotid swelling and testicle pain

Answer 18

Orchitis 2* Mumps virus

Question 19

histo slide shows: Reinke crystals

Answer 19

*Leydig cell tumor*

Reinke crystals = rod-like cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells of testes

Question 20

Schiller-Duval bodies on histo

Answer 20

testicular cancer: **Yolk sac tumor**

Schiller-Duval bodies= glomerulus-like structure;

perivascular layers: flattened tumor cells–> cystic space –> tumor cells–> central vessel

It represents an attempt to form yolk sacs

Question 21

prostate is tender & boggy on DRE

Answer 21

gross

**Acute Prostatitis**, mainly caused by bacterial infection

Question 22

large yellow plaques, ulceration on bladder mucosa

Answer 22

sx= Malacoplakia

dx= chronic cystitis

Question 23

foamy macrophages with basophilic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies

Answer 23

dx: chronic cystitis

Michaelis-Gutmann bodies= Ca/Fe deposition inside macrophages/lysosomes

Question 24

Sx: sudden pain+ red/swollen scrotum, (-) Cremasteric reflex

Answer 24

testicular torsion

get to surgery ASAP

Question 25

what disease is it? risk factors: \*\*smoking (PAH) and azo dyes/aryl amines (hairdressers)

Answer 25

\*bladder cancer"...Urothelial Tumors (transitional cell carcinoma) risk factors: \*\*smoking (PAH); naphthylamine, azo dyes/aryl amines (hairdressers), long-term Analgesics/Cyclophosphamide/phenacetin, old age, irradiation

Question 26

urinary pain and hematuria after swimming in Egypt/Sudan

Answer 26

chronic cystitis 2\* urinary schistosomiasis cause: trematode: schistosoma haematobium (found in Egypt/Sudan) sx: hematuria, genital/bladder inflammation

Question 27

testicular nodule producing β-hCG

Answer 27

\*Choriocarcinoma\* malignant tumor of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts (nonseminoma germ cell tumor of testicle)

Question 28

testicular nodule producing AFP

Answer 28

\*Yolk sac tumor\* (nonseminoma germ cell carcinoma of the testicle)

Question 29

Most common testicular mass in males \> 60 years old

Answer 29

Testicular Lymphoma neoplastic B-cells

Question 30

prostate nodule with (“back-to-back”) glands

Answer 30

Prostatic Adenocarcinoma most in peripheral posterior zone

Question 31

prostatic nodule limited to central periurethral zone

Answer 31

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)