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EndoRepro Path Buzzwords > Midterm: endo > Flashcards

Midterm: endo Flashcards

1
Q

Buffalo hump

A

fat pad associated with Cushing’s syndrome

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2
Q

Moon facies

A

wide, round face associated with Cushing’s syndrome

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3
Q

Herring bodies

A

Herring bodies – neurosecretory bodies that represent the terminal axons from hypothalamus in post. pituitary

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4
Q

Hurthle cells

A

Hurthle cells – enlarged epithelial cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm that are associated with hashimoto’s thyroiditis and follicular thyroid cancer

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5
Q

Orphan Annie eye nuclei

A

Orphan Annie eye nuclei – large nuclei cleared out in the center with powdery chromatin at the periphery appears empty

==papillary thyroid carcinoma

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6
Q

Zellballen

A

Zellballen- “cell balls”

nest-like clusters of cells

seen in neuroendocrine tumors, pheochromocytoma

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7
Q

Salt & pepper nuclei

A

Salt & pepper nuclei – granular/stippled chromatin inclusions in nucleus

seen in neuroendocrine tumors, pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma

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8
Q

Kimmelstiel–Wilson nodules

A

Kimmelstiel–Wilson nodules – nodules of hyaline that form in the glomerulus, associated with diabetes

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9
Q

Homer-Wright pseudorosettes

A

Homer-Wright pseudorosettes – circular structure of : differentiated tumor cells surrounding a thin matrix of ependymal (glial) cells surrounding a vessel (lumen) common in neuroblastomas

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10
Q

Kernicterus

A

Seen in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia that can manifest as neurologic damage

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11
Q

Blue-dome appearance

A

bluish appearance on outside of cysts seen with fibrocystic changes

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12
Q

small, round, blue cells

A

neuroblasts

this module think: adrenal medulla neuroblastoma (children with rapidly enlarging abdominal mass and “blueberry muffin babies”)

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13
Q

most common single, solid tumor in children (3)

A

1 neuroblastoma 2 wilms tumor 3 osteosarcoma

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14
Q

most common neoplasia in children (1)

A

leukemias

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15
Q

follicles with scalloped colliod

A

graves disease= hyperthyroidism

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16
Q

Blueberry muffin baby

A

Blue purpura (cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis)

this module think: adrenal medulla neuroblastoma (children with rapidly enlarging abdominal mass)

17
Q

scrotum with “bag of worms” appearance

A

Variocele= dilation of spermatic vein 2* impaired drainage

18
Q

teenager with history of parotid swelling and testicle pain

A

Orchitis 2* Mumps virus

19
Q

histo slide shows: Reinke crystals

A

*Leydig cell tumor*

Reinke crystals = rod-like cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells of testes

20
Q

Schiller-Duval bodies on histo

A

testicular cancer: **Yolk sac tumor**

Schiller-Duval bodies= glomerulus-like structure;

perivascular layers: flattened tumor cells–> cystic space –> tumor cells–> central vessel

It represents an attempt to form yolk sacs

21
Q

prostate is tender & boggy on DRE

A

gross

**Acute Prostatitis**, mainly caused by bacterial infection

22
Q

large yellow plaques, ulceration on bladder mucosa

A

sx= Malacoplakia

dx= chronic cystitis

23
Q

foamy macrophages with basophilic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies

A

dx: chronic cystitis

Michaelis-Gutmann bodies= Ca/Fe deposition inside macrophages/lysosomes

24
Q

Sx: sudden pain+ red/swollen scrotum, (-) Cremasteric reflex

A

testicular torsion

get to surgery ASAP

25
Q

what disease is it?

risk factors: **smoking (PAH) and azo dyes/aryl amines (hairdressers)

A

*bladder cancer”…Urothelial Tumors (transitional cell carcinoma)

risk factors: **smoking (PAH); naphthylamine, azo dyes/aryl amines (hairdressers), long-term Analgesics/Cyclophosphamide/phenacetin, old age, irradiation

26
Q

urinary pain and hematuria after swimming in Egypt/Sudan

A

chronic cystitis 2* urinary schistosomiasis

cause: trematode: schistosoma haematobium (found in Egypt/Sudan)
sx: hematuria, genital/bladder inflammation

27
Q

testicular nodule producing β-hCG

A

*Choriocarcinoma*

malignant tumor of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts

(nonseminoma germ cell tumor of testicle)

28
Q

testicular nodule producing AFP

A

*Yolk sac tumor*

(nonseminoma germ cell carcinoma of the testicle)

29
Q

Most common testicular mass in males > 60 years old

A

Testicular Lymphoma

neoplastic B-cells

30
Q

prostate nodule with (“back-to-back”) glands

A

Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

most in peripheral posterior zone

31
Q

prostatic nodule limited to central periurethral zone

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

EndoRepro Path Buzzwords (2 decks)

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