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Psych 160 Lyons > Midterm (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Midterm (Exam 2) Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Define lifespan human development

A

growth of people through out their life

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2
Q

Microsystem

A

relationship WITH people such as friends family peers ect.

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3
Q

Mesosystem

A

relationships BETWEEN your microsystems- ex: how your family and your friends interact

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4
Q

exosystem

A

institutions that impact even if you are not involved with them.
Ex: parents job

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5
Q

Macrosystem

A

culture/broad issues

EX: economy

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6
Q

Chronosystem

A

things that happen in history

ex: 9/11, election of president Obama, same sex marriage, ect.

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7
Q

Developmental Theory

A

systematic statement of principles and generalizations that try to explain and predict how and why people change as they grow older

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8
Q

scientific theory

A

tests hypothesis- observation, correlations, experiment, survey, case studies

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9
Q

correlation

A

as the value of one variable changes the value of another variable changes: positive, negative and zero

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10
Q

positive correlation

A

As one variable increases, the other variable does too

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11
Q

negative correlation

A

when one variable increases, the other decreases

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12
Q

zero correlation

A

there is no relationship between one variable and the other

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13
Q

Cross sectional

A

can measure change overtime by studying different ages

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14
Q

longitudinal

A

long term study

EX: Little Hans

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15
Q

Cross sequential

A

mix between longitudinal and cross sectional: Studying different ages for long periods of times

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16
Q

Myelination

A

mostly happens in early childhood and it speeds up mental processing

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17
Q

Just right

A

early childhood, about 6.

tendency of children to insist on having things done in a particular way

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18
Q

function of prefrontal cortex

A

thinking, planning, problem solving- development helps control behavior and regulate sleep

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19
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects two halves of brain

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20
Q

preservation

A

sticking with the same idea, can’t move away from one specific idea

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21
Q

main function of amygdala

A

emotions

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22
Q

main function of hypothalamus

A

emotions and memory- controls maintenance functions, linked to emotions and reward

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23
Q

right side of brain

A

perceptual tasks

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24
Q

left side

A

language

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25
when does prefrontal cortex stop developing
develops until adulthood
26
sensorimotor stage of development is between ages _ and _
0-2
27
proportional stage of development is between ages -_and _
2-7
28
characteristic of preoperational stage
thought is intuitive rather than logical
29
symbolic function
ability to use symbols, words or objects to represent something not physically present.
30
centration
focusing on one obstacle at a time
31
egocentrism
only seeing obstacle in own point of view
32
focus on appearance
only focusing on appearance
33
static reasoning
not being able to understand that things can change : aunt to mother example
34
irreversibility
thinking something can never go back to the way it was before: ex: car accident, dirty teddy bear
35
piaget ______ the competence of younger children
underestimated
36
Hughes (policeman task) proved what?
egocentrism
37
vygotsky is a ___ ________
social constructionist : construct knowledge socially/ by watching others
38
social constructivism
knowledge is socially constructed (shared ideas, meaning, and understanding)
39
Piaget view children as _____ ______ by exploring
little scientists
40
zone of proximal development
difference in how somebody does by themselves and with help.
41
Scaffolding
child + adult help = child on their own
42
cultural tools/ symbol systems
tools of thinking that are social constructions that can be different among cultures EX: language, numbers
43
real tools
for acting on environment | EX: pencil, knife, hammer
44
private speech
thinking out loud
45
Theory-Theory
idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear
46
theory of mind
person's theory of what others might be thinking (considering others perspectives)
47
with part of the brain is the central processor of memory, particularly for remembering locations?
hippocampus
48
which part of the brain is crucial for expression and regulation of emotions?
limbic system
49
The process by which children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called:
fast-mapping
50
The tendency of a young child to apply rules of grammar when he or she should not is:
overregularization
51
The tendency to stick to one thought or action for a long time is known as:
perseveration
52
emotional regulation
the ability to control when and how emotions are expressed
53
effortful control
ability to control one's behavior and to achieve an outcome (ex: ability to put phone away and not think about checking on it)
54
initiative gv. guilt
Eriksons 3rd, children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them
55
self concept
a person's understand of who he or she is
56
self esteem
overall and specific positive/negative self evaluation
57
self efficacy
belief in ability to do something
58
self awareness
knowledge of self
59
instrinsic motivation
doing something for the joy of doing it (drive or reason to pursue a goal EX: need to feel smart or competent
60
extrinsic motivation
comes from the outside of a person, people do something to gain praise or reinforcement
61
externalizing problems
powerful feelings burst out uncontrollability
62
internalizing problems
they are fearful and withdrawn, turning distress inward EX: feeling excessively guilty or shameful
63
sociodramatic
children act out various roles and plots
64
humanism
hierarchy of needs, need for belonging is important, young children try to belong by conforming to gender norms
65
Authoritarian
word is law, strict, little warmth
66
permissive
few demands, no discipline,
67
authoritative
set limits but are flexible, high communication
68
neglectful
unaware of child's life yet doesn't care
69
identity achievement
high exploration and high commitment
70
identity foreclosure
high commitment, low exploration | EX: thinks you know because you have been told
71
moratorium
exploration is high, but is not committed
72
identity diffusion
low commitment and low exploration
73
personal fable
adolescents belief that his/her thoughts, feelings or experiences are unique- nobody else has experienced it before
74
invincibility fable
he/she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything EX: drugs, high speed driving
75
imaginary audience
everyone else is watching
76
Secure
Strong bond and comfort from presence of mother
77
Insecure resistant ambivalent
Upset at separation, want them there but still upset
78
Insecure avoidant
Avoids connection, doesn't care for presence or departure of caregiver
79
Disorganized attachment
Inconsistent, strange/bizarre
80
Goodness of fit
Math between temperament and environment
81
Psychological control
Controlling through emotions, ex: making them feel guilty or shameful
82
Relational aggression
Use of relationships
83
Instrumental aggression
To get something you want
84
Metacognition
Thinking about thinking-figuring out how you think
85
Effortful control
Ability to control ones behavior and achieve an outcome | Ex: marshmallow test
86
Resilience
How well you adapt to change
87
An illness or disorder of the mind is referred to as
psychopathology
88
Many researchers have traced the effects of parenting on child development, but the researcher whose findings continue to be very influential is:
Baumrind
89
Erik Erikson's third developmental stage, in which self-esteem emerges, is called
initiative versus guilt
90
According to Erikson, if eight-year-old Kristina does NOT solve the fourth stage of her psychosocial conflict, she will come to view herself as:
inferior
91
t is typical for an adolescent experiencing __________ to sleep too much, care little about school, and be indifferent to parental criticism.
identity diffusion
92
"Facilitation," specifically in adolescent peer relationships, refers to the way that peers:
encourage each other to do things that most wouldn't do on their own.
93
According to Dunphy, the third event in the sequence of male-female relationships is:
sexual experimentation.

Psych 160 Lyons (2 decks)

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