Midterm Exam 2022

Question 1

What is the term for a gathering of people in the 17th & 18th centuries that discussed trendy Enlightened topics, art, society and politics?

Answer 1

Salon

Question 2

What is the term for a group of unchanging moral principles that are a foundation for all human rights.
M. A book written by Thomas Hobbes in 1681 which discusses the ideal structure of government and society.

Answer 2

Natural Law

Question 3

Name the expansive and elaborate French royal palace 40 miles outside of Paris.

Answer 3

Versailles

Question 4

What is the term for the acceptance or belief that monarchs should control everything about a nation and is not restricted by law or unwritten norms.

Answer 4

Absolutism

Question 5

What is the term for a system of government that is ruled by a King or Queen that usually gain power by inheriting it through their family.

Answer 5

Monarchy

Question 6

What is the name of the largest Christian Church and religious domination. Founded by Jesus Christ and his Apostles.

Answer 6

Catholicism

Question 7

What is the term for a system in which the Church and the leaders of the church lead the government.

Answer 7

Theocracy

Question 8

What is the term for the list of grievances that Martin Luther nailed to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany.

Answer 8

95 Theses

Question 9

What is the term for a faith/religion that was founded in the 16th century after the 95 Theses were published.

Answer 9

Protestantism

Question 10

What is the term for the Philosophy popularized during the Renaissance that celebrates human accomplishments and culture.

Answer 10

Humanism

Question 11

What is the term for Someone who supports the arts by paying artists and purchasing their works.

Answer 11

Patron

Question 12

What is the name of the Most powerful banking family that became patrons of the arts.

Answer 12

Medici Family

Question 13

What is the name of the Famous portrait by Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 13

Mona Lisa

Question 14

Who is Thomas Hobbes and why is he famous

Answer 14

English Philospher who wrote the Leviathan

Question 15

Who is Henry VIII and why is he famous?

Answer 15

King of England, had 6 wives, Split with the Catholic Church so he could divorce 1st wife.

Question 16

Who is Leonardo da Vinci and why is he famous?

Answer 16

Renaissance painter, Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Question 17

Who is Montesquieu and why is he famous?

Answer 17

French Philospher who wrote The Spirit of Laws and main source of idea of separation of powers.

Question 18

Who is Martin Luther and why is he famous?

Answer 18

German Monk that nailed a list of 95 grievances to the church door.

Question 19

Who is Elizabeth I and why is she famous?

Answer 19

Ruled England for 45 years, 2nd daughter of Henry VIII, returned England to Anglicism

Question 20

Who is Niccolò Machiavelli and why is he famous?

Answer 20

Italian Renaissance philosopher and writer, Father of modern political philosophy or political science, wrote The Prince in 1513.

Question 21

Which Enlightenment thinker, who wrote “The Two Treatises on Government”, and believed that the people are rational and can govern themselves?

Answer 21

Locke

Question 22

What was a proposed a sun-centered theory of the universe?

Answer 22

heliocentric theory

Question 23

Who had the Palace of Versailles built as a demonstration of wealth and power?

Answer 23

Louis XIV

Question 24

The Catholic Church opposed the theories of the Scientific Revolution on WHAT basis ?

Answer 24

contradicted traditional Church teachings

Question 25

Who invented the telescope, becoming the first to see the landscape of the moon in relative detail?

Answer 25

Galileo Galilei

Question 26

According to John Locke, WHY people form governments?

Answer 26

protect their natural rights

Question 27

What does the term Renaissance mean?

Answer 27

Rebirth

Question 28

Be able to identify famous painting and the artists (example: Last supper / David )

Answer 28

Look at your notes

Question 29

What document helped initiate the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 29

95 Theses

Question 30

Who discovered that the sun is at the center of the universe?

Answer 30

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 31

Who was the founder of modern chemistry?

Answer 31

Robert Boyle

Question 32

Why did Henry VIII have 6 wives?

Answer 32

He wanted a son.

Question 33

Who believed that life, liberty, and property were all Natural rights?

Answer 33

John Locke

Question 34

What happened to Anne Boelyn - - Henry VII’s 2nd wife?

Answer 34

Beheaded

Question 35

In which two countries was Calvinism the dominant religion?

Answer 35

Scotland and Netherlands

Question 36

What are some ways that Enlightenment affect the world?

Answer 36

Opposition to absolute monarchy Separation of powers Liberty and individual rights Equality Free market capitalism Democracy ideas

Question 37

What were some of the benefits of absolutism?

Answer 37

Quicker decisions to be made Makes law making easier Long term goals to be planned and met

Question 38

What were some of the drawbacks of absolutism?

Answer 38

Doesn’t involve a democratic process Creates and excess of fame Ordinary people don’t have a say.

Question 39

What was the “Divine Right of Kings” and how did it influence Europe?

Answer 39

*A political doctrine in defense of monarchical absolutism. *Asserted that kings derived their authority from God and could not beheld accountable for their actions by any earthly authority such as a parliament. *The Kings had a lot of power that was unchecked by other forms of government.