Midterm Exam Flashcards by Briana Hoppes

Which of the following correctly matches a valve to its function?

Mitral Valve- permits one way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

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T/F

A person under stress may have a lowered resistance to infection.

True

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When a persons pulse is taken by palpating near the thumb on the wrist, which artery is felt?

Radial artery

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The inner lining of the heart is the ________.

Endocardium

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In edema

Tissues swell with fluid.

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A person with type A blood can successfully donate blood to a person with type ___ blood.

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In an ECG pattern, the PQ interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the

SA node through the AV node

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The pulmonary circuit

Sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs

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The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about ______.

45%

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Secretions that affect only nearby cells are termed _______.

Paracrine

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Blood volume varies with _______.

All of the above.
Amount of adipose tissue
Changes in electrolyte and fluid concentrations
Body size

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With age, _________.

Levels of GH decrease but ADH increases

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The red blood cells of type AB blood have ______ on their surfaces

Antigens A and B

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The specificity of hormone action derives from __________.

Target cell receptors that are unique for each hormone

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A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by _______.

directly causing protein synthesis

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The right atrium recieves blood directly from _________.

The superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

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Circulation is vital because it

Supplies oxygen and nutrients and removes wastes from tissues

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Diabetes insipidus is caused by

ADH deficiency

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T/F

Nonsteriod hormones include peptides proteins, glycoproteins and amines

True

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Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

Pancreas

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The final step in the formation of a blood clot is

That thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin

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The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of

Fibrinogen to fibrin

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Steroid hormones

All of the above
Are soluble in lipids
Combine with protein receptor molecules
Cause messenger RNA synthesis

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Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases risk of developing atherosclerosis?

Low blood pressure

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The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

Sinoatrial node

In an ECG pattern, the T waves is caused by

Repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers

Which of the following are the most active as phagocytes?

Neutrophils

Which of the following waves of an ECG pattern is/are correctly described?

P wave- depolarization of atria

Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the

Hypothalamus

Pheromones differ from hormones in that

They are transmitted between members of the same species

A hormone is a _____ and the target cell is _____.

Molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell | A cell that has receptors for specific hormones

T/F | The thalamus controls secretion of pituitary hormones

False

Arterial systolic pressure is most closely associated with

Ventricular contraction

Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves from the vena cava to the lungs?

Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve

Pus is composed of

Bacteria, white blood cells and damaged cells

Which plasma protein is accurately described?

Beta globulins-transport of lipids and fat soluble vitamins

T/F | A red blood cell contains a large nucleus; it is thicker near the center and thin around the rim of the cell

False

A sweat gland is an example of a(n) ___ gland.

Exocrine

Which of the following is true about the heart?

The apex end points downwards at about the 5th intercostal space

The correct sequence of parts that carry cardiac-impulses is

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers

When the ventricular walls contract,

The mitral and tricuspid valves close

When the ventricular walls contract,

The mitral and tricuspid valves close

T/F | Persons with type AB blood are sometimes called universal donors

False

Exocrine glads differ from endocrine glads in that exocrine glands

Secrete through ducts or tubes to the body’s exterior

A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is a(n)

Thrombus

Which of the following is due to an aging cardiovascular system?

The tunica interna thickens

Interleukin-1 secretion causes

A fever

T/F Innate defenses include mechanical and chemical barriers, whereas adaptive defenses counter specific disease causing agents

True

An antigen is ____, whereas an antibody is _____.

A foreign substance such as a protein or a polysaccharide to which lymphocytes respond; a globular protein that reacts with an antigen to eliminate the antigen

T/F | The thymus enlarges after puberty

False

The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Interferon is a group of hormone like peptides that cells produce in response to a fungi.

Viruses

A primary immune response ___, and a secondary immune response ____.

Produces antibodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen

Newborns can acquire ___ immunity through breast milk.

Passive

In an autoimmune disease, the immune response is directed toward

Cells of the body (self)

Lymph nodes are grouped throughout the body except in the

Central nervous system

An immune response that is slower but more specific for the pathogens is the

Adaptive defense

After lymph leaves the collecting ducts, it enters ___ and becomes part of the ____.

Veins; plasma

The spleen

Resembles a large lymph node divided into lobules

The structural of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)

Vein

T lymphocytes are responsible for

Cell mediated immunity

Changes in the mouth associated with aging includes

Thinning enamel

Matthew takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer. If he takes it for a long time, digestion of which nitrite the would be affected the most?

Proteins

Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract

From the pharynx to the anus

T/F | A set of primary teeth consists of 20 teeth, whereas a set of secondary teeth consists of 32 teeth

True

Feces contain

All of the above Electrolytes Undigested food Bacteria

T/F | From the stomach, food passes into the duodenum, then the jejunum, and then the ileum

True

The ____ is the layer of the alimentary canal that absorbs nutrients

Mucosa

T/F | The cecum is located at the inferior end of the descending colon

False

The major mixing movement in the small intestine is accomplished by

Segmentation

Activities of the digestive system generally increase when it is stimulated by

Parasympathetic impulses

T/F | The stomach is C shaped and extends from the duodenum to the spleen

False

All of the enzymes that digest protein are

Secreted in an inactive form

The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct untitled to form the

Common bile duct

Functions of the liver include

All of the above Maintaining blood glucose levels Formation of urea Secretion of bile

One of the functions of the large intestine is to

Absorb ingested water

Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice of the

Esophagus

The correct sequence for the layers in the walls of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost is the

Mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa

The hormone secretin

Stimulates release of pancreatic juice

The digestive system

Ingests food, propels food, mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs nutrients and defecates the remainder

Fat soluble vitamins are

Absorbed more readily in the presence of bile salts

T/F | A complete protein has adequate amounts of the essential amino acids

True

Deficiency of vitamin ____ causes osteomalacia

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are

Macronutrients

Excess potassium

Is secreted in urine

T/F | Copper is essential for producing melanin and myelin

True

A triglyceride consists of

Glycerol and three fatty acids

BMI measures

Weight in proportion to height

The fat soluble vitamins include

Vitamins A D and K

Which of the following terms is (are) defined correctly

All of the above Adequate diet- diet that provides sufficient energy and essential nutrients for growth, maintenance and repair of tissues Malnutrition- poor nutrition that results from a lack of essential nutrients Bulimia- binging and purging

Factors that affect BMR are

All of the above Body size Body temp Level of endocrine activity

Good general dietary advice for athletes is to eat

60% or more carbohydrates mostly from grains and vegetables

BMR | Basal metabolic rate

Rises from birth to age 5 and then declines, then peaks in adolescences the drops during adulthood

Which of the following provides a source of complete proteins?

Eggs

T/F About 75% of the minerals in the body are in bones and teeth as calcium and phosphorus and homeostatic mechanisms regulate their concentrations

True

The B vitamins are

All of the above Essential for normal cellular metabolism Involved in the oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins Grouped because they are in the same foods

T/F | Carbohydrates include cholesterol and phospholipids

False

Deficiency of vitamin ____ causes night blindness

Vanessa takes many vitamin supplements, claiming that they give her energy. She is mistaken, because cells preferentially use ___ for energy.

Carbohydrates

``` Britney is 5’2” and weighs 130 Christina is 5’8” and weighs 140 Madonna is 5’6” and weighs 150 Beyonce is 5’0” and weighs 120 Which woman has the lowest BMI? ```

Christina

Midterm Exam Flashcards

(100 cards)