Midterm I Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
Preovulatory lutenization in the bitch means:
a. Follicles starts to produce progesterone before ovulation
b. Follices rupture at ovulation and corpora lutea start to produce progesterone only after it
c. Progesterone rises only after fertilization
d. No preuvovulatory lutenization in canine species
A
a. Follicles starts to produce progesterone before ovulation
2
Q
Progesterone value in the bitch at time of LH peak:
a. less than 1 ng/ml
b. 2 ng/ml
c. 5-8 ng/ml
d. More than 10 ng/ml
A
b. 2 ng/ml
3
Q
Progesterone value in the bitch at time of ovulation:
a. less than 1 ng/ml
b. 2 ng/ml
c. 5-8 ng/ml
d. More than 10 ng/ml
A
c. 5-8 ng/ml
4
Q
Cell dyeing for determination of live/dead proportion of dog semen?
a. Diff-Quick
b. Giemsa
c. Kovács-Foote
d. Shorr-Papanicoalou
A
b. Giemsa
5
Q
Mark the correct answer! (dog semen)
a. Dog semen has two fractions.
b. The second fraction originates from prostatic gland.
c. The second fraction is collected togheter with the sperm fraction.
d. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen.
e. The dog semen is not fractionated.
A
d. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen.
6
Q
Mark the incorrect answer in connection with healthy dog semen!
a. Quantitiy: 2,5-8 ml
b. Concentration: 4-400 million/ml
c. Sperm number/ ejaculate: 300-2000 million
d. Progressive motility: <70%
e. Normal morphology: >80%
A
d. Progressive motility: <70%
7
Q
List at least five tools of semen examination
A
- Sterile double ??
- Gloves
- Semen collector/ catheter
- Microscope
- specific staining
8
Q
Possible indications of semen collection
A
- Artificial insammination
- Fertility check
- transuterine something
9
Q
Vaginoscopy findings: if endoscopic appearance of vaginal mucosa is red, flat, smooth, dry, it is probably
a. Anestrus or diestrus (meloestrus?)
b. Pro-estrus
c. Estrus
d. Cannot be linked to any cycle stage
A
a. Anestrus or diestrus (meloestrus?)
10
Q
Vaginoscopy findings: if endoscopic appearance of vaginal mucosa is red/pink with large, shiny, oedematous folds and copious seroanguinous discharge, it is characteristic of
a. Early pro-estrus
b. Estrus
c. Anestrus
d. Dioestrus (metoestrus)
A
a. Early pro-estrus
11
Q
Vaginoscopy findings: if endoscopic appearance of vaginal mucosa is dry, tacky, pale/pinkish/whitich creamy, and folds are anguilated, wrinkled, it is characteristic of
a. Pro-oestrus
b. Oestrus
c. Dioestrus (metoestrus)
d. Anoestrus
A
b. Oestrus
12
Q
Advised angle to introduce vaginal speculum in the bitch:
a. 45 degree, craniodorsal direction
b. 45 degree, cranioventral direction
c. hortizontal
d. vertical
A
a. 45 degree, craniodorsal direction
13
Q
Which anatomical structure should be avoided when collecting a vaginal smear?
a. Dorsal wall of the vagina
b. Clitoral fossa and urethral opening
c. Cervix uteri
d. No special care is needed
A
b. Clitoral fossa and urethral opening
14
Q
Which hormone causes the thickening of vaginal mucosa?
a. Progesterone
b. LH
c. Prolactin
d. Estrogen
A
d. Estrogen
15
Q
If vaginal cytology shows more than 75% of the cells anuclear cornified /keratinized cells it its
a. metoestrus/dioestrus
b. oestrus
c. Pro-oestrus
d. diestrus
A
b. oestrus
16
Q
Dog vaginal cytology- when you can see the cornificated cells:
A
during estrus
17
Q
Dog pregnancy time from LH apex:
A
65 days from LH peak
18
Q
What causes the temperature change in dogs while giving birth?
A
Decreased temperature with decreased P4
19
Q
How long is the pregnancy of dog counting from ovulation ?
A
63 days
20
Q
When is it good to mate/inseminate dog ?
A
4 days after LH peak?
21
Q
Which is the immediate indication of caecerian section in small animal practice?
a. Pataloshisis
b. Fetal 170 BPM
c. Pregnancy toxaemia
d. Meconium in fetal fluid
e. 67th day from pregnancy calculated from LH-peak?
A
c. Pregnancy toxaemia
22
Q
Which one is NOT a point of view in the narcosis protocol?
a. Antidotum
b. Doesn´t induce hypoxia
c. Doesn´t depress the blood pressure
d. The latest literature references
e. Safety to use
A
d. The latest literature references
23
Q
Which one is usable for caecerian section?
a. Acepromazine
b. Opiods
c. Halothane
d. Barbiturates
e. T-61
A
b. Opiods
24
Q
Which is the first step of a caecaerian section?
a. Clinical examination
b. Oxygenation
c. Shaving of hair
d. Disinfection of skin
e. Narcosis induction
A
b. Oxygenation
25
What do you do with newborns right after birth?
a. Disinfeciton of umbilicus
b. Clearing of airways
c. drying with towels
d. checking of heartbeats
e. warming
b. Clearing of airways
26
Whats the environmental temperature requirement for newborns the first week of life?
a. 35-36 degrees
b. 36-37 degrees
c. 30-32 degrees
d. 21-24 degrees
e. 38-39 degrees
b. 36-37 degrees??
27
Changes in vaginoscopic findings in bitches during heat depends on:
a. the progesterone concentration
b. the estrogen concentration
c. the LH concentration
d. the FSH concentration
e. the vaginal cytology
a. the progesterone concentration
28
After the optimal time of mating, the plasma progesterone concentration in bitches
a. increases
b. decreases
c. stagnates
d. Fluctuates
e. does not show any clear tendencies
a. increases
29
In the bitch what can the side-effects be of spaying in metestrus?
a. nothing
b. pyometra
c. pregnancy
d. pseudopregnancy
e. obesity
d. pseudopregnancy
30
In the bitch, what might be the consequence of ovarirectomy if the animal is operated during the effect long-acting gestagen treatment?
a. Nothing
b. pyometra
c. pregnancy
d. pseudoprengnacy
e. obesity
b. pyometra
31
When do you recommend for the prophylactic calcium supplementation in the bitch?
a. before parturition in small-sized dogs
b. before parturition in large-sized dogs
c. after parturition in large-sized dogs
d. after parturition in small-sized dogs
e. just in case of eclampsia puerperalis
d. after parturition in small-sized dogs
32
Whats your diagnosis in a postpartum bitch having a high temperature and panting?
a. hypoglycaemia
b. hyperglycaemia
c. ketonuria
d. hypercalcaemia
e. hypocalcaemia
e. hypocalcaemia
33
At the end of pregnancy in the dog
a. the progesterone concentration increases
b. the prolactin concentration decreases
c. the estrogen concentration increases
d. an LH peak is induced
e. relaxin concentration reaches its maximum
e. relaxin concentration reaches its maximum
34
Which of the follow is not a postpartum disease in dog?
a. hyperketonaemia
b. hypocalcaemia
c. eclampsia puerperalis
d. placenta retention
e. endometritis
a. hyperketonaemia
35
Which of the following factors is not characteristic for pregnancy toxicosis in dogs?
a. alkalosis
b. acidosis
c. hypoglycaemia
d. ketonaemia
e. hypothermia
a. alkalosis
36
Which is not a reason for eclampsia puerperialis?
a. lactation
b. calcium supplementation during the pregnancy
c. liver dysfunction during the pregnancy
d. phosphorus suppelementation
e. elongated parturition
c. liver dysfunction during the pregnancy
37
Which statement does not characterise the LH peak in dogs?
a. duration of it is 12-24 h
b. its induced by increased function of the surge centre in the hypothalamus
c. it precede 2 days the ovulation
d. its induced by ovulation
e. function of tonic centre of hypothalamus induced minor LH impulses
d. its induced by ovulation
38
Which statement is true? Clinical signs of estrus in dogs are induced by?
a. ... increase in progesterone concentration
b. ...increase in estrogen concentration
c. ...LH peak
d. ... increase in prolactin concentration
e. ...decrease in progesterone concentration
b. ...increase in estrogen concentration?
39
which order is true in dogs?
a. LH-peak - nidation - fertilisation - ovulation
b. ovulation - estrogen increase - progesterone increase - fertilization
c. oestrogen increase - LH peak - estrogen decrease - fertilisation
d. nidation - fertilisation - progesterone increase - estrogen decrease
e. LH peak - progesterone decrease - oestrogen increase - nidation
c. oestrogen increase - LH peak - estrogen decrease - fertilisation
40
How could the time of ovulation be determined in dogs?
a. measurement of FSH concentration
b. females accepts approach of males
c. measurement of oxygen concentration
d. measurement of progesterone concentrations
e. between day 9-13 after heating
d. measurement of progesterone concentrations
41
What is the expected progesterone concentration at day 0 in the of the estrus cycle of the bitch?
a. 6 ng/ml
b. 2ng/ml
c. 10ng/ml
d. 0 ng/ml
e. 10 ng/ml
b. 2ng/ml
42
Changes in vaginoscopic findings in bitches during heat depend from
The progesterone concentration
43
After the optimal time of mating plasma progesterone concentration in bitches
Plasma progesterone increases
44
In the bitch what may be the consequence of spaying in metestrus?
Pseudopregnancy
45
In the bitch what may be the consequence of ovariectomy, if the animal is operated during the effect of acting gestagen treatment?
Pyometra
46
When do you recommend for prophylactic calcium supplementation in the bitch?
After parturition in small breed dogs
47
What is your diagnosis in the postpartum bitch patient having high temperature and panting?
Hypocalcaemia
48
At the end of pregnancy in the dog:
Relaxin concentration reaches the maximum
49
Which of the below conditions is not a postpartum disease in dogs?
Hyperketonaemia
50
Which of the below factors is not characteristic for pregnancy toxicosis in bitches?
Ketonaemia
51
Which is not a reason of eclampsia puerperalis?
Liver dysfunction during pregnancy
52
Which statement does not characterize the LH peak in dogs?
It is induced by ovulation
53
Which statement is true? Clinical signs of oestrus in dogs are induced by:
Increase in oestrogen concentration
54
Which order is true in dogs?
Oestrogen increase – LH peak – oestrogen decrease - fertilisation
55
How could the time of ovulation be determined in dogs?
Measurement of progesterone concentration
56
What is the expected progesterone concentration at Day 0 of the oestrus cycle in the bitch?
1 ng/ml
57
What hormone affects the changes in heat in dog?
progesterone, estrogen, LH
58
Mucoid discharge in pregnant dog is sign of?
close to parturition, mucoid plug in parturition, metritis etc
59
Which is the most important accessory gland in dog
prostate
60
When do you recommend for prophylactic calcium supplementation in the bitch?
after parturition in small sized dogs
61
What is the first step in the treatment of an orphaned puppy?
Measure body temperature
62
Which one is true?
the newborn kittens need a 30-32 C environmental temperature in the first days
63
Which one is the causative of pyometra?
oestrogen and progesterone abnormalities
64
Which one is NOT characteristic in pseudopregnancy of cats?
milk can be obtained
65
What can cause egg-white like vaginal discharge in dogs, right before parturition?
the dissolving of cervical plug
66
Which hormone causes the slight decrease of body temperature right before parturition in dog?
progesterone
67
What signal for maternal recognition in dog?
NO signal
68
Which treatment predisposes bitches for pyometra?
A. hCG administered at oestrus
B. Oestradiol administered at the earliest days of suspected pregnancy
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments
B. Oestradiol administered at the earliest days of suspected pregnancy
69
Which treatment predisposes bitches for pyometra?
A. Synthetic gestagens (progestogens) used for suppression of estrus
B. Prolactin inhibitors
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatment
A. Synthetic gestagens (progestogens) used for suppression of estrus
70
Which treatment procedures can be used for prevention of canine pyometra?
A. Prostaglandin F2alpha administered at oestrus
B. Oestradiol administered at oestrus
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments
71
Which treatment procedures can be used for prevention of canine pyometra?
A. Per oral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics during the estrus
B. Per oral administration of synthetic gestagens during the estrus
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments
72
Which treatment procedures can be used for prevention of canine pyometra?
A. After rehydration of the patient, ovariohysterectomy
B. Per oral administration of broad spectrum antibiotics
C. Combination of prostaglandin F2alpha and estradiol
D. Combination of prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin
A. After rehydration of the patient, ovariohysterectomy
73
What is the most reliable method for predicting the time of ovulation in the bitch?
A. Behavioural changes (acceptance of the male)
B. Multiplied epithelium layers in the vagina
C. The number of days after the proestrus vaginal bleeding
D. Determination of the serum oestrogen peak
E. Serum progesterone exceeding the threshold level
E. Serum progesterone exceeding the threshold level
74
What is the most typical picture in the vaginal smears of the bitch around ovulation?
A. Basal and parabasal cells with well-stained large nuclei
B. Predominantly erythrocytes (vaginal bleeding)
C. High number of leukocytes
D. Keratinised anuclear cells with poor staining
E. Vaginal smear with small amount of cells
D. Keratinised anuclear cells with poor staining
75
Which of the following statements regarding to the dog is incorrect?
A. Increase of relaxin is accurate and reliable symptom for the pregnancy
B. The most reliable sign for the pregnancy is the increase of prolactin
C. Serum progesterone profiles in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches are similar
D. Pseudopregnancy can successfully be treated by anti-prolactin (dopamine antagonist) preparates
E. Canine pregnancy can be diagnosed by real time ultrasonography as early as day 25-30
B. The most reliable sign for the pregnancy is the increase of prolactin
76
Which of the following statements regarding the artificial insemination of the dog is correct?
A. Native semen should be deposited into the vagina, near the external os of the uterus
B. Insemination with semen chilled or ... is successful only if deposited into the uterus
C. Intra-vaginal insemination with frozen thawed semen is successful after increased sperm concentration
D. Frozen thawed semen results in unacceptable conception rate even after surgical (intrauterine) insemination
E. The current sperm freezing protocols results in successful conception rate both after intrauterine and intra-vaginal insemination
A. Native semen should be deposited into the vagina, near the external os of the uterus
77
Polydipsia develops in pyometra due to:
A. Deposition of immune-complexes in the kidney
B. Acidosis due to Na resorption
C. AVP desensibilisation due to endotoxins
D. Hypertonisation of small intestine due to acidosis
C. AVP desensibilisation due to endotoxins
78
Which conservative treatment could you administer in case of canine pyometra?
A. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, Proligestone, PGF2a
B. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, PGF2a, Ringer lactate
C. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, Ergometrine, NaHCO
D. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, PGF2a, treatment of acid base imbalance
D. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, PGF2a, treatment of acid base imbalance
79
```
What may happen if the gestagen-suppressed proestrus is followed by an ovariectomy?
A. Nothing
B. Pseudopregnancy
C. Pyometra
D. Incontinentia urinae
```
C. Pyometra
80
```
Your dog patient delivered 3-4 days ago. She is sick with high temperature, and fetid, bad smelling, reddish brown vaginal discharge. What is your diagnosis?
A. Pyometra
B. Abortion
C. Metritis
D. Necrotic placenta
```
C. Metritis
81
```
In cat ovulation is induced by the copulation-induced elevation of:
A. LH
B. FSH
C. GnRH
D. Progesterone
```
A. LH
82
In cat you suspect the pyometra in case of the following clinical signs:
A. Polyuria/polydipsia in cat
B. Abdominal enlargement two months after the oestrus
C. Pollakiuria, abdominal pain
D. Conjunctivitis purulent, abdominal enlargement
B. Abdominal enlargement two months after the oestrus
83
Which statement is false in domestic carnivores?
A. In feline pregnancy, the placenta produces progesterone also
B. In dog the main luteotrophic factor is the prolactin
C. The canine pyometra does usually occur some days before the expected time of estrus
D. Decrease duration of daily (night time) melatonin elevation induces the folliculogenesis in cat
C. The canine pyometra does usually occur some days before the expected time of estrus
84
Thrombocytopenia is not induced by one of the followings:
A. Pyometra
B. Administration of oestradiol opinionate containing preparations
C. Administration of oestradiol benzoate containing preparations
D. Administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate containing preparations
D. Administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate containing preparations
85
```
Duration of regular corpus luteum phase in non-pregnant dogs is?
A. About 60 days
B. About 17 days
C. About 35-45 days
D. About 100 days
```
A. About 60 days
86
Which statement is false?
A. Pyometra occurs usually in aged bitches
B. Pyometra occurs usually in the luteal phase in bitches
C. Pyometra occurs usually in bitches, which have never been pregnant in their life
D. Pyometra occurs usually in bitches, which have been pregnant several times in their life
D. Pyometra occurs usually in bitches, which have been pregnant several times in their life
87
Which signs is not characteristic for starting a delivery?
A. Vulva-oedema
B. Foul-smelling discharge from the vagina
C. Udder oedema and colostrum secretion
D. Labour pains
B. Foul-smelling discharge from the vagina
88
```
Which species has a refracted broken final part, of the soft birth canal?
A. Dog
B. Horse
C. Cattle
D. Cat
```
A. Dog
89
```
Which of these pain types is responsible for the expulsion of the placenta?
A. Opening pains
B. Expulsive pains
C. Violent pains
D. After pains
```
D. After pains
90
Which one is the causative agent of pyometra?
A. Due to bacterial complication
B. Due to endometrial degeneration
C. Oestrogen and progesterone abnormalities
C. Oestrogen and progesterone abnormalities
91
Preovulatory lutenizationin the bitch means:
A. Follicles start to produce progesterone before ovulation
B. Follicles rupture at ovulation and corpora lutea start to produce progesterone only after it
C. Progesterone rises only after fertilization
D. No preovulatory luteinization in the canine species
A. Follicles start to produce progesterone before ovulation
92
```
Progesterone value in the bitch at the time of LH peak:
A. Less than 1 ng/ml
B. 2 ng/ml
C. 5-8 ng/ml
D. More than 10 ng/ml
```
B. 2 ng/ml
93
```
Progesterone value in the bitch at the ovulation:
A. Less than 1 ng/ml
B. 2 ng/ml
C. 5-8 ng/ml
D. More than 10 ng/ml
```
C. 5-8 ng/ml
94
```
In which fraction is most of the seminal fluid ejaculated in male dog?
A. Fraction 1
B. Fraction 2
C. Fraction 3
D. Fraction 4
E. All of the fractions
```
C. Fraction 3
95
```
In which stage of mating is most of the seminal fluid ejaculated in male dog?
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4
E. All of the stages
```
B. Stage 2
96
```
Cell dyeing for determination of live/death proportion of dog semen:
A. Diff-Quick
B. Giemsa
C. Kovács-Foote
D. Shorr-Papanicolaou
```
B. Giemsa
97
Mark the correct answer! (dog semen)
A. Dog semen has two fractions
B. The second fraction originates from prostatic gland
C. The prostatic fraction is collected together with sperm rich fraction
D. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen
E. The dog semen is not fractionated
D. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen
98
Mark the incorrect answer connection with healthy dog semen:
A. Quantity: 2,5-8 ml
B. Concentration: 4-400 million/ml
C. Sperm number/ejaculate: 300-2000 millions
D. Progressive motility: <70%
E. Normal morphology: >80%
D. Progressive motility: <70%
99
```
Vaginoscopy findings: if endoscopic apperance of the vaginal mucosa is red, flat, smooth and dry, it is probably?
A. Anestrus or diestrus (metestrus)
B. Pro-estrus
C. Estrus
D. Cannot be linked to any cycle stage
```
A. Anestrus or diestrus (metestrus)
100
```
If apperance of vaginal mucosa is red/pink with large, shiny, oedematous folds and copious serosanguinous discharge, it is characteristic of?
A. Early pro-estrus
B. Estrus
C. Anoestrus
D. Dioestrus (metoestrus)
```
A. Early pro-estrus
101
```
If apperance of vaginal mucosa is dry with large, tacky, pale pink/whitish/creamy and folds are angulated, wrinkled, it is characteristic of?
A. Early pro-estrus
B. Estrus
C. Anestrus
D. Diestrus (metestrus)
```
B. Estrus
102
```
Advised angle and direction of introducing vaginal speculum in the bitch?
A. 45 degree, craniodorsal direction
B. 45 degree, cranioventral direction
C. Horizontal
D. Vertical
```
A. 45 degree, craniodorsal direction
103
```
Which anatomic structure(s) should be avoided when collectiong vaginal smears:
A. Dorsal wall of the vagina
B. Clitoral fossa and urethral opening
C. Cervix uteri
D. No special care is needed
```
B. Clitoral fossa and urethral opening
104
```
Which hormone cause the thickening of the vaginal mucosa?
A. Progesterone
B. LH
C. Prolactin
D. Oestrogen
```
D. Oestrogen
105
```
If vaginal cytology shows that more than 75% of the cells are anuclear cornified/keratinized cells it is:
A. Metestrus/diestrus
B. Estrus
C. Pro-estrus
D. Anestrus
```
B. Estrus
106
```
In the bitch what may be the consequence of spaying in metestrus?
A. Nothing
B. Pyometra
C. Pregnancy
D. Pseudopregnancy
E. Obesity
```
D. Pseudopregnancy
107
```
In the bitch what may be the consequence of ovariectomy, if the animal is operated during the effect of acting gestagens treatment?
A. Nothing
B. Pyometra
C. Pregnancy
D. Pseudopregnancy
E. Obesity
```
B. Pyometra
108
When do you recommend for prophylactic calcium supplementation in the bitch?
A. Before parturition in small-sized dogs
B. Before parturition in large-sized dogs
C. After parturition in large-sized dogs
D. After parturition in small-sized dogs
E. Just in case of eclampsia puerperalis
D. After parturition in small-sized dogs
109
```
Changes in vaginoscopy findings in bitches during heat depend from?
A. The progesterone concentration
B. The oestrogen concentration
C. The LH concentration
D. The FSH concentration
E. The vaginal cytology
```
A. The progesterone concentration
110
Which is the immediately indication of caesarean section in small animal practice:
A. Palatoshisis
B. Fetal 170 BPM
C. Pregnancy toxaemia
D. Meconium in foetal fluid
E. 67th day pregnancy calculated from LH peak
C. Pregnancy toxaemia
111
```
Which one is not a point of view of the narcosis protocol?
A. Antidotum
B. Does not induce hypoxia
C. Does not depress the blood pressure
D. The latest literature references
E. Safety to use
```
D. The latest literature references
112
```
Which one is usable for caesarean section?
A. Acepromazine
B. Opioids
C. Halothane
D. Barbiturates
E. T-61
```
B. Opioids
113
```
Which is the first step of caesarean section?
A. Clinical examination
B. Pre-oxygenation
C. Shaving of hair
D. Disinfection of skin
E. Narcosis induction
```
B. Pre-oxygenation
114
```
What do we have to do with the new-borns just after the birth?
A. Disinfection of umbilicus
B. Clearing of airways
C. Drying with towels
D. Checking heartbeats
E. Warming
```
B. Clearing of airways
115
```
What do we have to do at first with hypoglycaemic and hypothermia in new-borns?
A. Warming
B. Feeding with tube
C. Glucose infusion
D. Antibiotics
E. Naloxone administration
```
C. Glucose infusion
116
```
Which one is not the way of fluid therapy in new-borns?
A. Intravenous
B. Intraperitoneal
C. Intraosseous
D. Subcutan
E. Per os
```
D. Subcutan
117
Which one does not predispose the new-borns for septicaemia?
A. Dilution of commercial milk replacer is less than prescribed
B. Wound
C. Dilution of commercial milk replacer is higher than prescribed
D. New dog in the kennel
E. Antibiotic treatment
C. Dilution of commercial milk replacer is higher than prescribed
118
```
Which antibiotics can be used during the lactation?
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Cephalosporins
C. Fluoroquinolones
D. Tetracycline
E. Aminoglycosides
```
B. Cephalosporins
119
```
What is your diagnosis in the postpartum bitch patient, having high temperature and panting?
A. Hypoglycaemia
B. Hyperglycaemia
C. Ketonuria
D. Hypercalcaemia
E. Hypocalcaemia
```
E. Hypocalcaemia
120
At the end of pregnancy in the dog:
A. The progesterone concentration increases
B. The prolactin concentration decreases
C. The oestrogen concentration increases
D. A LH peak is induced
E. Relaxin concentration reaches the maximum
E. Relaxin concentration reaches the maximum
121
```
Which of the below conditions is not a postpartum disease in dogs?
A. Hyperketonaemia
B. Hypocalcaemia
C. Eclampsia puerperalis
D. Placenta retention
E. Endometritis
```
A. Hyperketonaemia
122
```
Which of the below factors is not characteristic for pregnancy toxicosis
in bitches?
A. Alkalosis
B. Acidosis
C. Hypoglycaemia
D. Ketonaemia
E. Hypothermia
```
A. Alkalosis
123
Which is not a reason of eclampsia puerperalis?
A. Lactation
B. Calcium supplementation during the pregnancy
C. Liver dysfunction during pregnancy
D. Phosphorus supplementation during the pregnancy
C. Liver dysfunction during pregnancy
124
Which statement does not characterize the LH peak in dogs?
A. Duration of it is 12-24 hours
B. It is induced by increased function of “surge” centre of hypothalamus
C. It precede 2 days the ovulation
D. It is induced by ovulation
E. Function of tonic centre of hypothalamus induced minor LH impulses
D. It is induced by ovulation
125
Which statement is true? Clinical signs of oestrus in dogs are induced by:
A. Increase in progesterone concentration
B. Increase in oestrogen concentration
C. LH peak
D. Increase in prolactin concentration
E. Decrease is progesterone concentration
B. Increase in oestrogen concentration
126
Which order is true in dogs?
A. LH peak – Nidation – Fertilisation – Ovulation
B. Ovulation – Oestrogen increase – Progesterone increase – Fertilisation
C. Oestrogen increase – LH peak – Oestrogen decrease – Fertilisation
D. Nidation – Fertilization – Progesterone increase – Oestrogen decrease
E. LH peak – Progesterone decrease – Oestrogen increase – Nidation
C. Oestrogen increase – LH peak – Oestrogen decrease – Fertilisation
127
How could the time of ovulation be determined in dogs?
A. Measurement of FSH concentration
B. Female accepts approach of males
C. Measurement of oestrogen concentration
D. Measurement of progesterone concentration
E. Between day 9-13th after onset of heating
D. Measurement of progesterone concentration
128
```
What is the expected progesterone concentration at Day 0 of the oestrus cycle in the bitch?
A. 6 ng/ml
B. 2 ng/ml
C. 10 ng/ml
D. 1 ng/ml
E. 20 ng/ml
```
B. 2 ng/ml
129
```
Which species is spontaneously ovulating domestic mammals?
A. Dogs
B. Cats
C. Both
D. None
```
A. Dogs
130
```
Which species have induced ovulation?
A. Dogs
B. Cats
C. Both
D. None
```
B. Cats
131
How do you stich the uterus after C-section?
Sero-muscularly
132
When does the dog ovulate?
About 24-48 (<72) hours after the preovulatory LH peak
133
How long is the duration of pre-ovulatory-like LH peak?
About 6-8 hours
134
What is the time of ovulation in the dog?
1-2 days after the onset of estrus
135
When is it good to mate/inseminate the dog ?
3-4 days after preovulatory LH peak
136
How long is the pregnancy of dog counting from ovulation?
63 +/- 1 day
137
Which drugs can be used for the treatment of secondary uterine inertia in the dog?
Oxytocin and glucose (oxytocin + calcium)
138
What does surfactant expression mean?
Surface-active lipoprotein in the lung
139
What kind of acid-base stance is characteristic for a healthy neonate?
Slight respiratory metabolic acidosis
140
What is the first thing you have to do with an asphyxiated neonate?
Airway aspiration
141
What is the marginal haematoma?
Haematoma at the edge of placenta zonaria in carnivores
142
What does hypercapnia mean?
Blood carbonate concentration increased
143
Which treatment protocols are suitable for the retention of foetal membranes in dogs and cats?
Ergot alkaloids, antimicrobials and in case of need you do a hysterotomy
144
Which could be the consequence of asphyxiating?
Cerebral haemorrhage and oedema
145
After the optimal time of mating, plasma progesterone concentration in bitches...?
Plasma progesterone increases
146
When do you recommend for prophylactic calcium supplementation in the bitch?
Just in case of eclampsia puerperalis
147
How can you mechanically stimulate respiration in the new-borns?
Mouth to mouth expired air, tracheal tube with AMBU balloon
148
Which is not characteristic in cats?
Spontaneous ovulation
149
What is the cause of polyuria in case of pyometra?
Decreased ADH sensitivity of kidney
150
Why is there a lot of keratinized cells in cytology of dog during oestrus, and which hormone is responsible for this?
To decrease irritation to the vagina during copulation and the hormone is estrogen
151
What does it mean when before giving birth something like egg-white comes out of the dogs vagina?
Dissolving of the cervical plug
152
How do you know there was ovulation by dog (which hormone used to detect ovulation)?
P4 = 3-5 ng/mL (>2: LH peak is coming)
153
Which stimulates the secretion of prolactin?
Serotonin
154
Which one is not characteristic in pseudopregnancy of cats?
Milk can be obtained
155
Which hormone causes the slight decrease of body temperature, right before parturition in dog?
Progesterone
156
When can you see cornificated cells in the vaginal smear of dog?
Oestrous
157
What is the first step in the treatment of an orphaned puppy?
Measure the body temperature
158
Which one is true?
The newborn kittens need a 30-32oC environmental temperature in the first days
159
Which is the most important accessory gland in dog?
Prostate gland
160
What signal for maternal recognition in dog?
No signal
161
The amount of sperm that you need for artificial fertilization in dogs?
150-200x10^6 to be successfull
162
How long is the gestation period (pregnancy) of the dog?
62-63 days
163
How long is the gestation period (pregnancy) of the cat?
63-65 days
164
```
What can be used for the treatment of fibroadenoma in feline?
A. Aglepristone/Alizine
B. Deslorelin
C. Cabergolin
D. Luteolysis with PGF2a
```
a. Aglepristone/Alizine
