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Physics 1201 > MIDTERM I > Flashcards

MIDTERM I Flashcards

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1
Q

which way does conventional current flow through a circuit?

A

from the higher potential to the lower potential (because conventional current involves the flow of positive charges)

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2
Q

what are equipotential SURFACES supposed to depict?

A

all points perpendicular to the electric field where the electric potentials are equal and particles can move along them without any work being done…???? IN 3D

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3
Q

voltage is…

A

electric potential PER CHARGE

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4
Q

electric potential is…

A

the potential energy IN JOULES that a charged particle has/contains d/t its location within an electric field

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5
Q

why/how does friction generate electrical charge?

A

electrons actually move from one object to another (via conduction), causing imbalances in the objects’ protons and electrons

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6
Q

what are electric field lines supposed to show you?

A

the direction of a charge’s electric field

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7
Q

what is current?

A

flowing charge. not the same as static charge

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8
Q

what is capacitance?

A

the amount of charge a material can hold (which can be calculated, and is r/t physical properties)

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9
Q

wires with currents flowing in the same direction: attracted or repelled?

A

attract

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10
Q

what is a dielectric?

A

the non-conducting material (like plastic, paper, or air) that exists between the plates of a capacitor to help keep the charges from traveling across the gap

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11
Q

what are the 2 terms in the electric field eqn?

A
  1. force (of particle) WHICH IS A VECTOR

2. charge (of particle)

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12
Q

why/how does friction generate electrical charge?

A

electrons actually move from one object to another (via conduction or induction), causing imbalances in the objects’ protons and electrons

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13
Q

electric charge of an PROTON is…

A

1.6E19 coulombs

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14
Q

who can you tell which part of a magnet is its north pole?

A

the north pole is the part that points toward geographic north when placed

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15
Q

what are root mean square (rms) values for quantities involved in alternating current calculations?

A

the square roots of the average values for a given quantity (i.e. the square root of the average current for a given system)

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16
Q

which of these terms does NOT have an rms value: current, resistance, or voltage?

A

resistance

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17
Q

what does the energy density of a capacitor describe?

A

the volume of energy a capacitor can store

energy per unit volume

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18
Q

what is the dielectric constant (k) for air?

A

1

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19
Q

what are the 4 terms in the eqn for the MAGNITUDE of magnetic force exerted ON a wire, BY a nearby current?

A
  1. the radius
  2. 2(pi)
  3. the current (I)
  4. ‘permeability’ of free space constant (mu naught)
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20
Q

electric potential DIFFERENCE (aka voltage DIFFERENCE) can be describe as…

A

the amount of energy/work required to move a ONE COULOMB OF CHARGE from one location within in electric field to another (given) location within the electric field

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21
Q

what is a battery?

A

a device whose voltage/electric potential facilitates current in a circuit

the battery contains positive and negative charges that can’t get to one another until/unless you provide the pathway/circuit for them to travel through

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22
Q

what is a magnet?

A

a material that attracts ‘ferromagnetic’ materials and creates a magnetic field

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23
Q

what are the 3 terms in the wire resistance eqn (the one that includes resistivity constant)?

A
  1. L for length of wire
  2. A for area (of the cross section of) wire
  3. resistivity or the material
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24
Q

electric potential is a type of…

A

potential energy

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25
what do electric dipoles have to do with equipotential lines/surfaces?
equal and opposite equipotential lines/surfaces of separate particles give rise to electric dipoles
26
how many different ways are there to write the power eqn (involving voltage and current)?
3
27
what does the resistivity of a material tell you?
the amount of resistance the material has; this is a property of the material that you get from a table
28
what are the 3 ways an object can become charged?
1. friction (touching) 2. conduction (touching) 3. induction (NO touching)
29
which way do electric field/lines travel for NEGATIVE charges?
radially TOWARDS/into the particle
30
what is a watt?
power per time
31
how many joules is 1 eVolt?
1.6E-19 joules
32
how does resistance related to current and voltage in the Ohm's Law eqn?
R = V/I because R follows from physical properties of a material, regardless of the voltage being introduced
33
what are the 4 terms in the eqn for the MAGNITUDE of two wires' currents exerting magnetic fields on one another?
1. the radius 2. 2(pi) 3. the current (I) 4. 'permeability' of free space constant (mu naught)
34
what are equipotential lines supposed to depict?
all points perpendicular to the electric field where the electric potentials are equal and particles can move along them without any work being done...???? IN 2D
35
electric charge of an electron is...
-1.6E19 coulombs
36
what is voltage difference?
what you call it when the voltage (energy/charge) in one location of an electric field is different from the voltage in another location of the electric field
37
what is the mass of an electron?
9.11E-31 kg
38
is voltage (in a circuit) considered constant?
yes (until/unless the battery dies)
39
electric INSULATORS are...
materials that ONLY A FEW free electrons can flow freely through
40
how is current related to resistance in Ohm's Law eqn?
current goes down as resistance goes up resistance impedes the flow of current
41
what are the units for electric potential?
Joules
42
activity starting with the letter f that causes/generates charge
friction
43
what are the units for voltage?
joules/coulombs
44
what is a kWh?
1000 * number of what's * elapsed time IN HOURS!!!
45
what is a Tesla the unit for?
the MAGNITUDE of the force exerted by a magnetic field
46
what is peak current (as it r/t alternating current)?
The amplitude/(highest positive) CURRENT value (as shown on a sinusoidal waveform graph) for a system Called I naught
47
how many joules does 1 kWh convert to?
3.6E6 joules
48
what is the difference between CONduction and INDuction
in CONduction, objects are touching, and electrons are actually transferred. in INduction, objects are NOT touching, so electrons aren't transferred, but they reorient themselves (in place) towards or away from the charge of the other object
49
what is drift speed?
average speed of electrons in a system using ALTERNATING CURRENT
50
what is peak voltage (as it r/t alternating current)?
The amplitude/(highest positive) voltage value (as shown on a sinusoidal waveform graph) for a system Called V naught
51
voltage gives rise to...
current/flow of CHARGE
52
what are the 2 terms in the MAGNITUDE of the electric field eqn?
1. charge | 2. radius squared
53
Can an electric field occur with both static charges AND flowing charges/current?
yes
54
what are the units for an electric field?
force per charge; newtons/coulombs (N/C)
55
why bother with root mean square (rms) values for quantities involved in alternating current calculations?
they can more easily be plugged into the 3 versions of the power eqn
56
electric conductors are...
materials that free electrons can flow freely through
57
what version of power can you solve for (using peak values) in alternating current problems?
average power
58
electric potential: scalar or vector?
scalar | if you need to add/subtract them, don't bother decomposing anything
59
what are the units for capacitance?
Farads C^2/N*m aka charge per voltage (C/V)
60
why are 'voltage' and 'electric potential' used interchangeably?
fuck if I know...
61
voltage difference is also called...
electric potential DIFFERENCE
62
if you have to add a bunch of forces to find the VECTOR of an electric field, what 4 things do you have to do?
1. plug the given numbers into the E field eqn to calculate a RESULTANT/magnitude of the field 2. Decompose the vectors 3. Add the vectors, paying attention to SIGNS!!! 4. Use pythagorean theorem to determine the DIRECTION of the E field
63
what are the 4 terms in the eqn for the MAGNITUDE of magnetic force exerted on a current IN A WIRE
1. current (I) 2. length of wire (l) 3. magnitude of magnetic field (B) 4. sine of the angle between the magnetic field and the current (sin theta)
64
what is a capacitor?
a material/device that stores CHARGE (and electric/potential energy)
65
what units do kWh convert to?
joules!
66
what happens to electric potential (d/t electric dipoles) as the distance between the 2 particles involved increases?
the electric potential decreases by 1/r2 where r is the radius between particles
67
what are the 2 types of electric charge
postive and negative
68
what is the MAGNITUDE version of the electric field eqn used for?
giving you the magnitude of the electric field at any point in space, not just the specific location of a given test point
69
which way do electric field/lines travel for positive charges?
radially AWAY FROM/out of the particle
70
what does 1 Telsa convert to?
N/A*m
71
units for electric charge are...
Coulombs (C)
72
what is the capacitance constant (bka permittivity of free space)?
8.85E-12 C^2/N*m^2
73
what do eVolts convert to?
Joules! not volts!
74
what are the unites for electric potential DIFFERENCE
JOULES
75
electric charge is primarily carried by...
electrons
76
what are the 4 terms in the eqn for the MAGNITUDE of magnetic force exerted on a SINGLE CHARGE within a current?
1. charge of test point (q) 2. velocity of test point (v) 3. magnitude of magnetic field (B) 4. sine of the angle between the magnetic field and the test point's velocity (sin theta)
77
what does the 'permeability of free space' constant equal (in the current/wire caused magnetic field eqn) equal?
4 pi E-7 T*m/A
78
how/when is it possible for a charge's electric field to be going in a different direction from its force?
If the charge is positive (e field pointing out) but the other charge has the same sign If the charge is negative (e field pointing in) but the other charge has an OPPOSITE sign
79
word starting with the letter q that describes electrical charges
quantized
80
Per Coulomb's Law: what are the 4 terms in the equation for magnitude of force that one charge/test point exerts on another?
1. k constant 2. charge of first particle 3. charge of other particle 4. radius between particles
81
Per Coulomb's Law: what are the 4 terms in the equation for magnitude of force that one charge/test point exerts on another?
1. k constant 2. charge of first particle 3. charge of other particle 4. radius squared between particles
82
what is power?
the amount of energy that gets transformed from one form (like potential energy) to another form (like kinetic energy) within a system (like a transformer)
83
electric charge
property that gives rise to a particle's ability to attract or repel other particles without actually touching them
84
what is the mass of a proton?
1.67E-27 kg
85
what are capacitors usually composed of?
2 NON TOUCHING conducting materials (like metal plates) that hold equal & opposite charges (Q), and have a voltage difference/electric potential difference (V) between them
86
wires with currents flowing in OPPOSITE directionS: attracted or repelled?
REPEL
87
what is a magnetic field?
a region around a magnet or current that exerts a force on other magnets or other currents
88
what are the 2 terms in the VECTOR version of the electric field eqn?
1. force (of particle) WHICH IS A VECTOR | 2. charge (of particle)

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