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ICS1 > MIDTERM I: Intro Radiology + Perio Anatomy > Flashcards

MIDTERM I: Intro Radiology + Perio Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is CBCT

A

cone beam computed tomography

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2
Q

what is the ALARA principle

A

as low as reasonably achievable or attainable - using discretion/ as low radiation as possible used

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3
Q

what is resorption?

A

loss of dentin and cementum due to osteoclasts (normal in primary teeth as there is a tooth coming up, but pathological in secondary) aka root resorption -can be internal (mid root) or apical (end of root)

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4
Q

what should a diagnostic PA show

A

-root apex and at least 2 mm beyond the root -incisal edge of the tooth -open contacts (when possible) (periapical, peri=around, apex=highest point)

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5
Q
A

trauma in mandible

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6
Q
A

red- tooth 9, chipped or missing restoration

white- tooth 10, internal resorption

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7
Q
A

orange- tooth 10 , external apical root resorption

white- tooth 11, impacted

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8
Q
A

Y line of ennis (inverted y line)- made by floor of nasal cavity and border of maxillary sinus

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9
Q
A

soft tissue of the nose

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10
Q
A

Incisive foramen (or nasopalatine foramen/ anterior palatine foramen)

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11
Q
A

median palatine suture

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12
Q
A

nutrient canals

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13
Q
A

blue- genial tubercles (bony protuberance)

green: lingual foramen

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14
Q
A

mental ridge (protuberance on labial /anterior mandible)

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15
Q
A

pink: zygomatic process of the maxilla
red: maxillary sinus
green: zygoma (zygomatic bone)
yellow: maxillary tuberosity
blue: coronoid process of the mandible

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16
Q
A

pink: zygomatic process of the maxilla
red: maxillary sinus
green: zygoma (zygomatic bone)
yellow: maxillary tuberosity
blue: coronoid process of the mandible

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17
Q

what is the yellow spot and what tooth is above it

A

mental foramen below tooth 29 (mandible)

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18
Q
A

green: submandibular fossa (on lingual surface of mandible)
pink: external oblique ridge (on facial surface of mandible)
blue: myohyoid ridge (on lingual surface of mandible)

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19
Q
A

green: submandibular fossa
pink: external oblique ridge

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20
Q

what should a diagnostic BW show

A
  • alveolar bone level in the maxilla and mandible
  • open proximal contacts between adjacent teeth
  • distal surface of canine (premolar BWs) and distal of last fully erupted molar (molar BWs)
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21
Q

what is gutta percha

A

used for root canals

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22
Q

what is lamina dura

A

thin layer of dense/ cortical bone that lies adjacent to the PDL in the tooth socket. radiopaque lining around pdl space

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23
Q

how does the pdl appear on a radiograph? (radiolucent or radiopaque)

A

radiolucent

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24
Q

which step of ODTP process is hard tissue exam?

A

step 3

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25
Q

what is involved in a hard tissue exam

A
  • thorough visual exam using a mirror
  • tactile exam using a pigtail explorer
  • radiographic images up on the computer
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26
Q

what is best for finding interproximal caries

A

bitewing radiographs

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27
Q

what could radiolucency around crown margin mean

A

open crown margin/ recurring caries, or radiographic “burnout”, or Mach bands/Mach effect

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28
Q

what are the 1. simple and 2. specific radiographic descriptions for radiolucency at the end of a root?

A
  1. simple description: periapical radiolucency
  2. specific radiographic description: rarifying osteitis
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29
Q

what is cervical burnout

A

or radiographic burnout- darkening around cej can occur, may appear like root caries but you will see caries in multiple images

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30
Q

how can a radiograph show periodontal disease

A
  • loss of alveolar bone height on bitewing images
  • loss of crestal cortical bone (difference?)
  • widening of the PDL space
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31
Q
A

calculus

32
Q

what is the crown to root ratio

A

crown (clinical)– so its incisal or occlusal to bone surface. and root is bone level to apex.

33
Q
A

red- gold or zirconium crown

green- porcelain fused metal crown

34
Q
A

left are porcelain fused metal crowns and root canals.

right shows ceramic crowns and root canals

35
Q

what is the epithelium lining the gingival sulcus called

A

crevicular epithelium

36
Q

where does keratinized tissue end in gingiva

A

at the mucogingival junction

37
Q

what is the epithelium that connects the CT to the tooth

A

junctional epithelium- first attachment and bottom of the crevice

38
Q

what is the gingiva made up of

A

overlying stratified squamous epithelium and underlying connective tissue core

39
Q

how do you know gingiva is healthy

A

color , contour (gingival margins-knife edge), consistency, no bleeding upon probing

-stippled surface indicates health but not always there

40
Q
A
41
Q
A
42
Q

where should gingiva attach to the tooth

A

on enamel, above CEJ, its the junctional epithelium that attaches

43
Q

what lies below the attached gingiva?

A

alveolar mucosa

44
Q

what is the epithelial ridge and what does it come into contact with

A

squigly line of epithelium , comes into contact with inner connective tissue, projections of that are called connective tissue papilla

45
Q
A

top purlpe is stratum corneum. next is stratum granulosum - black dots in that are keratohyalin granules (melanin)

next green/red are stratum spinosum layer

-next is stratum basale. the white dots in between are desmosomes. the black dots at the bottom are hemidesmosomes.

– top two layers are MISSING when non keratinized!

46
Q

what is in between the enamel and the attached gingiva?

A

dental pellicle. ?

47
Q

what are the internal and external basal laminas

A

internal basal lamina is the lining of epithelium that touches the tooth (enamel and cementum), and the external basal lamina is the lining that touches the connective tissue core

48
Q

what is another term for gingival connective tissue? what is it made up of (%s)

A

LAMINA PROPRIA!

  • collagen fibers (60%)
  • fibroblasts (5%)
  • vessels, nerves and matrix (35%)
49
Q

what type of collagen fibers are in gingival connective tissue- what is their role

what are the groups

A

type I collagen fibers!

-they brace marginal gingiva firmly against tooth (dentogingival unit), provide rigidity to withstand forces of mastication.

3 groups of collagen fibers in gingiva: gingivodental, circular (wrap around tooth), and transseptal (connecting tooth to tooth interdental)

50
Q

what is ‘Col’

A

depression/dip below the contact point of the tooth on proximal sides, gingiva forms papilla tips . dip goes down in the middle and up (papilla) on facial and lingual ends)

-if loss of attachment or not connecting at all/correctly i think there is no col

51
Q
A
52
Q

what is the PDL made up of, what are the parts that connect to bone/tooth called? what is the average width? what are the angles ?

A

collagenous principal(?) fibers arranged in bundles

  • inserted into cementum and bone via sharpey fibers (terminal ends)
  • average width is .2 mm
  • fibroblasts, osteoblasts, nerve and vascular network around
  • grouped into horizontal (towards crown), oblique (middle region of root), and apical(bottom of root)
53
Q
A
54
Q

what is the group of pdl fibers that is in the furcation space?

A

interradicular

55
Q

what is the PDL functions

A
  • soft tissue protection for vessels and nerves from injury
  • transmission of occlusal forves to bone
  • attachment of tooth to bone
  • resistance to impact of occlusal forces (shock absorption)
56
Q

what are the two types of cementum

A

acellular (primary)- covers cervical third to half of root

cellular (secondary) found towards the apical third of the root

57
Q

what are the components of the alveolar process

A
  • external plate of cortical bone
  • alveolar bone proper - inner socket wall of thin compact bone (lamina dura)
  • cancellous bone
  • radicular bone is part that extends up (?)
58
Q
A
59
Q

what are the functions of the alveolar bone

A

mostly PROTECTION, SUPPORT, and calcium metabolism

60
Q

what is typical form of bone near teeth (mandible./maxilla

A
  • thin bony margins
  • vertical grooving
  • positive architecture
61
Q

what are dehiscence and fenestrations

A

dehiscences: loss of alveolar bone on the buccal or lingual of a tooth that is CONTINUOUS with bony margin
fenestration: “WINDOW” loss of alveolar bone on buccal or lingual that is not continuous with bony margin, just a window

62
Q

what is the suprabony defect

A

the alveolar crestal bone goes down horixontally

63
Q

what is the intrabony defect

A

vertical loss of alveolar bone

64
Q

which teeth have furcations

A

maxillary molars, mandibular molars, maxillary first premolars (CHECK THIS THO!)

65
Q

what is supracrestal connective tissue

A

just the inner connective tissue of gingiva!

66
Q

where should the gingival margin be for healthy gums?

A

AT , OR coronal to CEJ! in gingivitis it would probably be coronal

67
Q

what should a healthy probing depth be

A

1-3 mm

68
Q

how is junctional epithelium attached to tooth? does JE have ridges?

A

usually at CEJ, by hemidesmosomes!!

NO RIDGES!!

69
Q
A
70
Q

how far is alveolar crest to the base of JE/CEJ?

A

alveolar crest (bone crest) is about 2 mm apical to base of JE or CEJ

71
Q

where might you expect the gingival margin to be in gingivitis

A

coronal to cej, so the depth will be larger. you normally have very close to cej

72
Q
A
73
Q

what occurs with gingivitis

A
  • No loss of attachment to the bone
  • the junctional epithelium proliferates and extends epithelial ridges into the connective tissue (???)
  • supragingival fiber bundles have been destroyed (reversible!)
  • cementum is not exposed
74
Q

what may occur with periodontitis with respect to gingival margins, pocket depth, symptoms. what is permanently damaged?

A

gingival marigns could be apical or coronal to the CEJ, Pocket depth is often greater than or equal to 4 mm due to apical migration of junctional epithelium. mobility of teeth may occur. PAIN is NOT common!

-CEMENTUM is exposed in the pocket!! periodontal pocket provides an ideal environment for growth of bacteria now.

– coronal part of JE detaches and thereby, the apical portion moves apically, making larger pocket

-PERMANENT bone loss and destruction of PDL fibers

75
Q
A
76
Q
A
77
Q
A

ICS1 (23 decks)

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