Midterm II -- Ch. 13 - Meiosis

Question 1

heredity

Answer 1

inheritance; passing of traits from one generation to the next.

Question 2

variation

Answer 2

differences between members of the same species.

Question 3

genetics

Answer 3

scientific study of heredity and heredity variation.

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

coded information in the form of hereditary units.

Question 5

gametes

Answer 5

reproductive cell; transmit genes from one generation to the next.

Question 6

somatic cells

Answer 6

all cells of the body except the gametes and their precursors.

Question 7

locus

Answer 7

a gene’s specific location along the length of a chromosome.

Question 8

asexual reproduction

Answer 8

a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring w/o the fusion of gametes.

Question 9

clone

Answer 9

a group of genetically identical individuals; produced by asexual reproduction.

Question 10

sexual reproduction

Answer 10

two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents.

Question 11

life cycle

Answer 11

generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism, from conception to production of its own offspring.

Question 12

karyotype

Answer 12

a display of chromosome pars of a cell arranged by size and shape.

Question 13

homologous chromosomes

Answer 13

a pair of identical chromosomes; one inherited from the mother, the other from the father.

Question 14

sex chromosomes

Answer 14

a chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual.

Question 15

autosome

Answer 15

not a sex chromosome.

Question 16

diploid cell

Answer 16

cell with two chromosome sets.

Question 17

haploid cell

Answer 17

(e.g. gametes) cells that contain a single set of chromosomes.

Question 18

fertilization

Answer 18

union of two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.

Question 19

zygote

Answer 19

the diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg.

Question 20

meiosis

Answer 20

sexual reproduction.

Question 21

alternation of generations

Answer 21

both diploid and haploid stages that are multicellular (plants and some algae).

Question 22

meiosis I

Answer 22

the first division of a 2-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.

Question 23

meiosis II

Answer 23

second division if a 2-stage process of cell division that results in cells w/ half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell; (sexual reproduction).

Question 24

recombinant chromosomes

Answer 24

a chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosomes.