midterm important stuff Flashcards by Sarah Horvath

acceleration =

m/s2 (newtons second law)

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pressure =

force/area

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pressure increases by ____ force or ____area

increase force, decrease area

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doubling the diameter on a syringe ____ pressure

decreases (by a factor of 4)

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popping a balloon demonstrates

you either need a large force over a large area or a pin.. small force over small area

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1 ATM =

760

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calculating tank pressures -

percent x 760

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aneroid - has liquid or no?

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bourdon gauge - total pressure =

tank + ATM

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on a mountain there is less ATM pressure, so ___ tank pressure

less

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order of losing heat to processes

rad, convec, conduc, evap

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work =

force x displacement. measured in joules

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work = Pressure x

change in V

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if you double the pressure in a gas cylinder,

you’ll decrease the gas to half its volume

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zeroth law

tem a=b, b=c, a=c

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1st law of thermodynamics

change in internal energy of a system is = to the sum of the heat processes that cause energy to flow into and out of the system and work done

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2nd law of thermo

entropy. heat flows from hot to cold when two bodies are brought into thermal contact

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3rd law of thermo

can’t lower the temp of an object to absolute 0

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w<0

work done BY the system. expansion

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w>0

work done ON the system, compression

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heat capacity

ratio between the amt of heat added or removed from an object to change temp

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insulators have ___ specific heat

high

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conductors have ___ specific heat

low

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to change heat.. heat capacity is ___ proportional

inversely

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to change heat.. temp gradient, surface area, forced convection...

directly

specific gravity

relationship btw an object's density and density of H20

pressure =

f/a

pressure is ___ proportional to cross section of radius

INVERSELY

pascals principle

hydraulic system- confined fluids at a given pressure.... if you increase pressure, you increase the force applied unchanged to every point in the fluid.

flow rate

VOLUME passing particular point/unit time

bernoulli says

as speed of fluid increase, pressure exerted by fluid decreases

what determines laminar flow

viscosity

what determines turbulent flow

density

pouiseuilles

flow is directly proportional to radius and pressure difference, inversely proportional to viscosity and length

pouiseille likes

wide, short, and anemic, and high IV ( increases pressure)

short needle will ____ flow

increase

increase IV height will ___ flow

increase pressure diff, increase flow.

increase IV height will ___ flow

increase pressure diff, increase flow.

if you double the radius, increase flow by

16x

if you triple the radius, increase flow by

81x

archimedes principle

any object immersed either totally or partially in a fluid feels a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

Flow becomes turbulent if

velocity increases, tube wall rough, kicks/bends >25 degree angle, flows thru orific. any constriction that results in fluid velocity increasing.

> what # does flow change from laminar to turbulet

1500-2000

intermolecular forces with gases?

none

if you have more IM forces, ___ boiling/melting point

increased

if you have more IM forces, ___ vapor pressure

decreased

if you have more IM forces, ___ heats of fusion & vaporization

increased

metals ___ electrons and are

release, cations

non-metals ___ anions and are

attract, insulators

molecules near surface of droplet experience a net ___ force

inward

Laplace's law explains

why the surface tension on a blood vessel wall feeds on the radius of the vessel

laplace says if you ___ radius you ___ tension

increase, increase

aneurysms ___ wall tension

decrease

___ head and ____ tail

polar (hydrophilic) head and non-polar (hydrophobic) tail

if you increase temp, you ___ vapor pressure

increase

increases vapor pressure at a normal temp =

volatility

boiling point

the temp at which vapor pressure = ambient pressure

increase ambient pressure, ____ boiling point

increase

a more volatile liquid has a ___ vapor pressure

higher

a more volatile liquid has a ___ boiling point

lower

solid to gas is

sublimation

gas to solid is

deposition

vapor pressure of sevo

157

vapor pressure of iso

239

vapor pressure of des

669

fahrenheit =

9/5 x C + 32

1 inch

2.54cm

sig figs assess

reliability

accuracy

agreement between experimental data and the true value

precision

agreement between replicate measures

precision is quantified by

standard dev

percent error is a measure of

accuracy

density

ratio of mass: volume

specific gravity

density when the units are g/ml

spec grav = density when

the units are g/ml

if the tank reads 0, the pressure inside is really

14 psi = 1atm