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Advanced Topics in Health Care > Midterm Info > Flashcards

Midterm Info Flashcards

1
Q

The major health problems from 1850 - 1900

A

Epidemics of infectious diseases; (1) cholera, (2) typhoid fever (3) dysentery.

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2
Q

The major health problems in the early 1900s

A

acute events that required individualized attention (1) pneumonia, (2) influenza, (3) TB, (4) heart disease (5) nephritis (6) accident.

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3
Q

The major health problems in the 1950s

A

Introduction of penicillin allowed for treatment of anemia and pneumonia.

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4
Q

The major health problems from the 1950s to now

A

Long term chronic diseases (1) heart disease; (2) cancer; (3) stroke

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5
Q

Common causes of disability in the USA

A

(1) arthritis, (2) blindness, (3) arteriosclerosis and other chronic dieases.

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6
Q

An Essential public health service:

(1) Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
(2) Investigate, but not diagnose health problems and health hazards in the community.
(3) Inform people about health problems only.
(4) minimize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.

A

An essential public health service is (1) monitor health status to identify community health problems.

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7
Q

An essential public health service:

(1) develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
(2) create laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
(3) link people to needed personal health services.

A

An essential public health service is (1) develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts; and (3) link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.

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8
Q

A public health service is:

(1) assure a competent health and personal healthcare workforce.
(2) evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of personal and population-based health services.
(3) research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.

A

All of these.

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9
Q

The health care system in the USA in 1850.

A

Organized health care measures were almost non-existent.

Available medications: dried herbs, alkaloid plants.

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10
Q

The modern healthcare system was first introduced in:

1) 1850 (mid 19th century
(2) 1900
(3) 1950

A

The modern health care system was first introduced in the (1) 1850s mid 19th century.

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11
Q

The introduction of the scientific method occurred:

(1) 1850
(2) 1900
(3) 1950

A

The scientific method was introduced in (2) 1900.

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12
Q

There was growing interest in social and organizational structure of healthcare (Hill Burton Act) and the National Institute of health:

(1) 1900
(2) 1940s
(3) 1960s

A

There was growing interest in social and organizational structure of healthcare (Hill Burton Act) and the National Institute of Health in the (2) 1940s

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13
Q

Medicare is a federally sponsored and supervised health insurance plan for those 65+. It was first introduced in:

A

1965.

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14
Q

Limited resources, restriction of growth and reorganization of financing occurred in:

(1) 1960
(2) 1980s
(3) 1990s

A

Limited resources, restriction of growth and reorganization of financing occurred in the (2) 1980s.

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15
Q

The process by which the quality of care is measured.

A

quality assessment.

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16
Q

The process of defining how quality is to be determined or measured, identification of specific measurement variables, collection of data and analysis and the interpretation of results of the assement.

A

Quality assessment.

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17
Q

The three major criteria used for quality assessment.

A

(1) structure measures
(2) process of care measures.
(3) outcomes of care measures.

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18
Q

Stucture measures refers to

A

the context of the environment within which services are provided.

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19
Q

Licensure, health/safety code compliance, medical staff appointments are all considered:

(1) structure measures
(2) process of care measures
(3) quality assurance

A

Licensure, health/safety code compliance, medical staff appointments are all considered (1) structure measures.

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20
Q

Diagnostic procedures, lab procedures and specific contents of physician/patient interaction are all considered:

(1) structure measures
(2) process of care measures
(3) Outcomes of care measures.

A

Diagnostic procedures, lab procedures and specific contents of physician/patient interaction are all considered (2) process of care measures.

21
Q

Outcomes of care measures are evaluated by:

A

assessing the midpoint and end result of the clinical care process.

22
Q

T/F: medical records can be a poor indicator of quality assessment.

A

True.

23
Q

Which of the following is a source of quality assessment data:

(1) patient questionnaires
(2) hospital records
(3) birth and death certificates
(4) insurance and entitlement program claim forms.

A

All of these.

24
Q

The process of institutionalizing or conducting on an ongoing basis, quality measurement activities and combining these with feedback mechanisms aimed at continual quality improvement.

A

Quality assurance

25
Q

Patient satisfaction, compliance with standards, feedback mechanisms and utilization review are all examples of:

A

quality assurance.

26
Q

Total quality management combines

A

risk management
quality assurance
patient satisfaction

27
Q

The health belief model is used today for

A

To predict health behaviors.

28
Q

A person’s willingness to change their behaviors is due to perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers.

A

True.

29
Q

According to the health belief model:

(1) people will change their health behavior regardless of whether they believe they are at risk.
(2) The probability that a person will change his/her health behavior to avoid a consequence depends on how serious he or she considers the condition.
(3) It is easy to change a behavior if there isn’t something for a patient.
(4) People will change health beehaviors even if they think it is hard.

A

According to the health belief model (1) people will change their health behavior regardless of whether they believe they are at risk.

30
Q

In the Health Belief Model, the estimations about what it takes to make the leap are:

A

Cues to action or self efficacy.

31
Q

T/F: The prediction of the health belief model is the likelihood of an individual to undertake a recommended health action (such as preventive and curative health actions).

A

True.

32
Q

Transtheoretical model describes:

(1) The likelihood an individual will undertake a recommended health action.
(2) describes how people modify a problematic behavior or acquire a positive behavior.

A

Transtheoretical model describes (2) how people modify a problematic behavior or acquire a positive bheavior.

33
Q

The health model that focuses on the decision making of the individual

A

Transtheoretical model

34
Q

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and termination are all stages of the:

(1) health behavior model
(2) transtheoretical mdoel

A

(2) transtheoretical model

35
Q

The theory that seeks to explain how, why and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures.

A

Everett M. Rogers Diffusion of Innovation.

36
Q

According to the Everett M. Rogers diffusion of innovation model, the FIRST step in the decision innovation process is:

(1) knowledge
(2) persuasion
(3) decision
(4) implementation
(5) confirmation

A

(1) knoweldge.

37
Q

A geographical condition that persists within a geographical location.

A

endemic.

38
Q

The amount of community acquired MRSA in a nursing home is:

(1) endemic
(2) epidemic
(3) pandemic

A

(1) endemic

39
Q

New York State outbreak of measles:

(1) endemic
(2) epidemic
(3) pandemic

A

(2) epidemic

40
Q

COVID-19 is a

A

pandemic.

41
Q

The principal agency for protecting the health of, and providing human services to all Americans.

A

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).

42
Q

The function of the ARHQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality)

A

Supports research designed to improve the outcomes and quality of healthcare, reduce its costs, address patient safety and medical errors and broaden access to effective services.

43
Q

The surgeon general is:

(1) reports to the assistant secretary for health
(2) Provides Americans with the best scientific information available on how to improve their health.
(3) Is the highest ranking uniformed officer in public health service commissioned corps.

A

(1) and (2).

44
Q

The American Public Health Association is a governmental organization.

A

False.

45
Q

The organization that provides a science based 10 year national objective for improving the health of all Americans.

A

Healthy People

46
Q

The fixed amount paid as the beneficiary uses the insurance of a health care service.

(1) deductible
(2) coinsurance
(3) copayment.

A

(3) copayment

47
Q

The certain percentage of fees for medical services that is paid by insurance.

(1) deductible
(2) coinsurance
(3) copayment

A

(2) coinsurance

48
Q

The monthly amount you pay to your health insurance company to maintain your health coverage (is dependent on the experience rating).

(1) premium
(2) coinsurance
(3) copayment

A

(1) premium

49
Q

Which of the following is true:

(1) Young and old patients go to the doctor the most.
(2) males use more health services.
(3) Blacks use more health services, but whites stay longer in hospitals.
(4) Blacks have more barriers to health care.
(5) The lesser educated have more general physicals, immunizations and preventive procedures.

A

(1) Young and old patients go to the doctor the most.

Advanced Topics in Health Care (6 decks)

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