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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 > MIDTERM LEC: LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS > Flashcards

MIDTERM LEC: LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS Flashcards

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1
Q

are basically fats

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Biological function of lipids:

A
  • Fuel
  • Insulation
  • Protect or cushion internal organs
  • Building blocks of other substances in the body
  • Constituent of cell walls
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3
Q

comprises 95% of lipids in food and human body

A

Triglycerides

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4
Q

major class of dietary lipids

A

Triglycerides

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5
Q

lipids that are solid at RT

A

FATS

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6
Q

lipids that are liquid at RT

A

OILS

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7
Q

Phospholipids FORMS:

A
  • 70% Lecithin/Phosphatidylcholine
  • 20% Sphingomyelin
  • 10% Cephalin
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8
Q

not used for energy

A

Cholesterol

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9
Q
  • precursor of steroid hormones
A

Cholesterol

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9
Q

constituent of cell membranes

A

Phospholipids

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10
Q

building blocks of lipids

A

Fatty Acids

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10
Q
A

Lipoproteins

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11
Q
A

Lipoproteins

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12
Q

5 TYPES Lipoproteins

A
  • Chylomicrons
  • Very Low Density Lipoprotein
  • Intermediate Density Lipoprotein
  • Low Density Lipoprotein
  • High Density Lipoprotein
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13
Q

ƒ Most dense to the least (based on density):

A

HDL > LDL > VLDL > Chylomicron

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14
Q

function: transport TAG absorbed from the intestine to adipose, cardiac & skeletal muscle

A

Chylomicron

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14
Q

ƒ Heaviest to lightest (based on Molecular Weight):

A

Chylomicron > VLDL > LDL > HDL

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15
Q

Chylomicron
- Contains:

A

85-92% TAG
6-12% phospholipids
1-3% cholesterol
1-2% proteins

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16
Q

Responsible for post-prandial turbidity of sample

A

Chylomicron

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17
Q
  • Lipoprotein made in the liver
A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

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18
Q

Second hightest TAG content

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

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19
Q

function: Endogenous transport of TAG; body’s internal transport mechanism for lipids

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

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20
Q

VLDL remnant

A

Intermediate Density Lipoprotein (IDL)

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20
Q

similar to LDL wherein it transports TAG, fats and cholesterol and can also promote the growth of atheroma

A

Intermediate Density Lipoprotein (IDL)

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21
Responsible for fasting hyperlipidemic turbidity of sample
Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
22
function: enables fats and cholesterol to move within water-based solution of the bloodstream
Intermediate Density Lipoprotein (IDL)
23
products of VLDL and IDL metabolism
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
24
most cholesterol-rich
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
25
function: principal cholesterol and fat transport in blood
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
25
known as the “bad cholesterol” because it is involved in the progression of CVD like atherosclerosis or stroke
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
26
metabolism: 40-60% cleared by hepatic LDL receptors; the rest are taken up by non-hepatic (scavenger) receptors such as macrophages
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
27
smallest and densest
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
28
most abundant in apolipoproteins
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
29
phospholipid is the main lipidic content
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
30
function: reverse cholesterol transport; transport of excess cholesterol from tissues and cells back to the liver
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
31
known as the “good cholesterol” because it protects against heart disease
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
32
metabolism: synthesized in the liver and intestine
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
33
are proteins that bind lipids to form lipoprotein
Apolipoproteins
34
They serve as enzyme cofactors and receptor ligands and they also regulate the metabolism of LP and their uptake in tissues
Apolipoproteins
35
Main protein in HDL; Activator of LCAT for esterification
Apo A-1
36
VLDL, LDL
Apo B-100
37
Chylomicrons
Apo B-48
38
* Lipemia clearing factor * Activates LPL, targets TAG and removes CM after meal
Apo C-II
39
* VLDL, LDL, HDL * Increased in Alzheimer’s Dx
Apo E
40
Lipid Storage Diseases:
* NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE * TANGIER’S DISEASE * TAY-SACH’S DISEASE * ANDERSON’S DISEASE * SITOSTEROLEMIA
41
Accumulation of sphingomyelin in the bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes
NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE
42
* Complete absence of HDL (HDL: 1-2 mg/dL) * Clin cx: orange or yellow discoloration of tonsils and pharynx
TANGIER’S DISEASE
43
* Deficiency of hexosaminidase A * Accumulation of sphingolipids in the brain
TAY-SACH’S DISEASE
44
Chylomicron-retention disease
ANDERSON’S DISEASE
45
Plant sterols absorbed and accumulated in the blood and tissues
SITOSTEROLEMIA
46
Lipid Disorders:
* 1: Hyperchylomicronemia * 2a: Familial hypercholesterolemia * 2b: Familial combined hyperlipidemia * 3: Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia * 4: Familial hypertriglyceridemia * 5: * Abetalipoproteinemia/ Bassen-Kornzweig Syndrome
46
LPL deficiency (Low cardiac risk, eruptive xanthoma, recurrent pancreatitis)
1: Hyperchylomicronemia
47
Defective or deficient LDL receptors (High cardiac risk, xanthelasma, tendon xanthoma, corneal arcus, hypothyroidism, nephritic syndrome)
2a: Familial hypercholesterolemia
48
Most common (High cardiac risk)
2b: Familial combined hyperlipidemia
49
Low cardiac risk
4: Familial hypertriglyceridemia
49
Accumulated VLDL (Eruptive and palmar xanthomas)
3: Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
50
Low cardiac risk, eruptive xanthoma
5:
51
Defective apo β synthesis (Cerebral ataxia, acanthocytosis, fat malabsorption)
Abetalipoproteinemia/ Bassen-Kornzweig Syndrome
52
INCREASE IN 1: Hyperchylomicronemia
* TAG * CHYLOMICRONS
53
ONLY NORMAL IN 1: Hyperchylomicronemia
- CHOLESTEROL - LDL - VLDL
54
INCREASE IN 2a: Familial hypercholesterolemia
* CHOLESTEROL * LDL
55
INCREASE IN 3: Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
- TAG - CHOLE - VLDL
55
NORMAL IN 3: Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
* CM * LDL
55
NORMAL IN 2a: Familial hypercholesterolemia
- TAG - CM - VLDL
56
ONLY NORMAL IN 2b: Familial combined hyperlipidemia
* CM * TAG, CHOLE, LDL, VLDL (INCREASE)
57
ONLY NONE IN 4: Familial hypertriglyceridemia
CM
58
INCREASE IN 4: Familial hypertriglyceridemia
- TAG - VLDL
59
NORMAL IN 4: Familial hypertriglyceridemia
- CHOLE - LDL
60
ONLY NONE IN 5:
CHOLE
61
INCREASE IN 5:
* TAG * CM * VLDL
62
DECREASE IN Abetalipoproteinemia/ BassenKornzweig Syndrome
- TAG - CHOLE
62
ONLY NORMAL IN 5:
LDL
63
Abetalipoproteinemia/ BassenKornzweig Syndrome NOT FOUN IN PLASMA
* CM * LDL * VLDL

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 (12 decks)

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