ENHANCEMENT CLASS: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
- Facilitate the correct performance of analytic procedures that yield accurate and precise information, aiding patient diagnosis and treatment.
A
Clinical Laboratory
2
Q
Use to measure the following
scales
A
Thermometer/ Temperature
3
Q
Basic unit of temp in SI system
A
Kelvin (°K) scales
4
Q
3 Major types of Thermometers:
A
Liquid-in-glass
Thermistor probe
Digital thermometer
5
Q
- Uses colored liquid encased in
plastic material with a bulb at one end - Measures temp between 20 and
400° C
A
Liquid-in-glass
6
Q
Accurate and fast-reading
Advantages: SIZE and MILLISECOND RESPONSE
TIME
A
Thermistor probe
7
Q
Vessels holding/transferring
liquid are designed either to
contain or deliver a specified
volume.
A
Laboratory Vessels
8
Q
Borosilicate
A
Kimax/Pyrex
9
Q
Aluminosilicate
A
Corex
10
Q
Acid and alkali resistant
A
Vycor
11
Q
Plasticware
A
- Polysterene
- Polyethylene
- Polypropylene
- Tygon
- Teflon
- Polycarbonate
- Polyvinyl chloride
12
Q
Designed to hold different volumes rather than one exact amount.
A
Erlenmeyer flasks and Griffin
beakers
13
Q
Are glass utensils used to transfer liquids.
A
Pipettes
14
Q
DESIGN
A
To Contain
To Deliver
15
Q
Do not deliver the exact/same amount
A
To Contain
16
Q
- Referred as “rinse-out pipettes”
- Calibration medium - mercury
- Ex. WBC Pipet , SAHLI Pipet, RBC
Pipet
A
To Contain
17
Q
Delivers the exact/same amount
A
To Deliver
18
Q
- Designed to drain by gravity
- Calibration medium - Distilled
water - Ex. Serological Pipet, volumetric,
Mohr pipet (the tip should remain in contact with the side of the vessel for several seconds after the liquid has drained.)
A
To Deliver
19
Q
Drainage Characteristics
A
Blowout
Self-draining
20
Q
- Has “etched rings” located near the top of the pipet
- The last drop should be blown out to obtain the exact volume of liquid.
A
Blowout
21
Q
- No etched rings
- Designed to drain liquid by gravity
- The tip of the pipet should not be in contact with accumulating fluid in the receiving vessel during
drainage.
A
Self-draining
22
Q
TYPES
A
Measuring or Graduated
Transfer
23
Q
Measuring or Graduated pipettes
A
Sahli pipettes
Serologic & Mohr pipettes
WBC pipettes
RBC pipettes
24
Q
Transfer pipettes
A
Volumetric pipettes
Ostwald and Folin pipettes
Pasteur pipettes
Automated pipettes
25
Types of Monochromator
Filters
Prism
Diffraction gratings
26
device kung saan gina filter
Prism
27
divides the light into many colors
Diffraction gratings
28
Is defined as any substance used to produce a chemical reaction.
REAGENTS
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Its use in reagent and solution preparation, reconstitution or lyophilized materials, and dilution of samples demands specific requirements for its level of
purity.
REAGENT WATER
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water is purified by distillation
Distilled Water
31
water is purified by ion exchange
Deionized Water
32
water is purified by reverse osmosis
Ro Water
33
LEVELS OF WATER PURITY
Type I Reagent Water
Type II Reagent Water
Type III Reagent Water
34
- MOST PURE
- For preparation of standard solutions, buffers, and controls
- Used in quantitative analytical procedures, electrophoresis, toxicology screening tests, and High-performance liquid chromatography.
- After mabuhat dapat gamiton
kaagad
Type I Reagent Water
35
- For some qualitative laboratory tests, such as those done in general urinalysis
- It can be used as a water source for preparation of type I or type II
- It can also be used for washing and rinsing laboratory glassware.
Type III Reagent Water
35
- For qualitative chemistry procedures and most procedures done in hematology, immunology,
microbiology, and other clinical test areas.
Type II Reagent Water
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* High degree of purity
* Suitable for use in most analytic
laboratory procedures
Analytical Reagent (AR)
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* Sufficiently pure
* Not recommended for clinical laboratory reagent preparation unless it undergoes further purification or a reagent blank is
included
Chemically Pure (CP)
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* Less pure than CP grade chemicals
* Are used to manufacture drugs
United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
and National Formulary (NF)
39
Should not be used in clinical
chemical analysis without previous purification
TECHNICAL OR COMMERCIAL
GRADE
40
A material or substance with one of more physical properties that is sufficiently well established to be used for
REFERENCE MATERIALS
41
Highly purified chemicals that are directly weighed or measured to produced a solution whose
concentration is exactly known.
Primary Reference Material
42
Solutions whose concentration cannot be prepared by weighing the solute and dissolving a known amount into a volume of solution.
Secondary Reference Material
43
A process in which centrifugal force separates solid matters from a liquid suspension.
CENTRIFUGATION
44
Solid material or sediment packed at the bottom of the centri tube
PRECIPITATE
45
- the liquid or top portion
SUPERNATANT
46
Centrifugal force depends on:
MASS, SPEED and RADIUS
47
is the force required to separate two phases in a centrifuge
RELATIVE CENTRIFUGAL FORCE (RCF)
48
expression of speed
Revolution per minute (RPM)
49
UNIT OF MEASUREMENTS
Any meaningful quantitative
laboratory result consists of 2
components:
50
Based on decimal system, a system of divisions and multiple of tens.
English System
Metric System
51
o From Systeme International d’Unites
o The standard international language of measurement
o Based on the metric system
International System (SI System)
52
a derivative or mathematical function of one of the basic units
Derived units
53
Are used to indicate a subunit or multiple of a basic SI unit
PREFIXES
