Midterm Lesson 2

Question 1

any appearance/opacity on a radiograph which doesn’t represents an actual anatomic structure within the patient being radiographed.

Undesirable optical densities or blemishes on a radiograph or any other medical image.

Answer 1

Artifacts

Question 2

Impacts of an Artifact on a Film

Answer 2

Degrades the quality of radiograph and effect interpretation.

Cause visual distractions for the radiologist leading to misinterpretations of an actual anatomic structure.

Can mimic pathology

Question 3

Types of Radiographic Artifacts

Answer 3

~ Pre-Exposure
a. Exposure Artifacts
b. Processing Artifacts
~ Positioning
c. Handling & Storage Artifacts
~ Post-Exposure

Question 4

Type of artifact that is usually easy to detect and correct.

Answer 4

Exposure Artifacts

Question 5

Types of Exposure Artifacts

Answer 5

Foreign Object Artifacts

Double Exposure

Motion

Poor Screen-Film Contact

Positioning Errors

Question 6

Radiopaque materials superimposed the patient anatomy

Answer 6

Foreign Object Artifact

Question 7

• Two separate images in one radiograph
• Reuse of cassette that is already exposed

Answer 7

Double Exposure

Question 8

• Blurred image or poor quality radiograph
• E.g breathing, involuntary movements

Answer 8

Motion

Question 9

How to prevent motion artifacts from?

Answer 9

• Restrain – pediatrics
• Sedation
• Proper and clear instruction

Question 10

Poor quality (blurring of image) and obscures the detail of the image

Due to warped cassette

Answer 10

Poor Screen-Film Contact

Question 11

Three types of Positioning Errors

Answer 11

> Improper Patient Rotation

> Distortion

> Upside-down Cassette

Question 12

misinterpretation of either size or shape of the anatomic part

Answer 12

Distortion

Question 13

Types of Distortion

Answer 13

Elongation

Foreshortening

Question 14

refers to the image of the object that appears longer than the true object

Answer 14

Elongation

Question 15

refers to the image of objects that appear shorter than the true object

Answer 15

Foreshortening

Question 16

Image appears underexposed

Answer 16

Upside-down Cassette

Question 17

Types of Processing Artifacts

Answer 17

a) Guide shoe marks
b) Pi lines
c) Dichroic Stain or “Curtain Effect”
d) Wet Pressure sensitization
e) Emulsion Pick off

Question 18

occur when the guide shoes in the turnaround assembly of the processor are sprung or improperly positioned

Answer 18

Guide shoe marks

Question 19

occur at 3.1416-inch (π) intervals because of dirt or a chemical stain on a roller, which sensitizes the emulsion.

Because the rollers are 1 inch in diameter, 3.1416 inches represents one revolution of a roller.

Answer 19

Pi lines

Question 20

caused by improper squeezing of processing chemicals from film

appears as a curtain effect on the radiograph

Answer 20

Dichroic Stain or “Curtain Effect”

Question 21

a term that is generally applied to all chemical stains (chemical fog)

Answer 21

Dichroic Stain

Question 22

means two color

Answer 22

Dichroic

Question 23

common artifact that is produced in the developer tank.

Irregular or dirty rollers cause pressure during development and produce small circular patterns of increased OD.

Answer 23

Wet Pressure sensitization

Question 24

Dirty or warped rollers which result in sludge deposits on the film.

artifact caused by little pieces of emulsion that stick to the rollers and is picked off by a passing film.

Answer 24

Emulsion Pick off

Question 25

Types of Handling and Storage Artifacts

Answer 25

a) Light Leak b) Radiation fog c) Storage fog d) Pressure or Kink Marks e) Scratches f) Static Artifacts g) Hypo retention Stain h) Finger marks

Question 26

- a form of fog - Cassette is not closed properly. - Film bin/box left open. - Safelight cracks.

Answer 26

Light Leak

Question 27

The film bin is inadequately shielded from radiation. - The film has been left in the x-ray room during other exposures.

Answer 27

Radiation fog

Question 28

- Outdated film - Darkroom/storage room is too high.

Answer 28

Storage fog

Question 29

Prevention of storage fog

Answer 29

FIFO – First in, first out

Question 30

- The film is improperly or roughly handled. - The film is stacked too high in storage (the weight causes marks).

Answer 30

Pressure or Kink Marks

Question 31

It is caused by the kinking or abrupt bending of film. Both events usually appear as increased OD.

Answer 31

Kink Mark

Question 32

(Small) White lines appear on the film due to careless handling of film. Looks like nail clippings

Answer 32

Scratches

Question 33

It is caused by the buildup of electrons in the emulsion and is most noticeable during the winter and during periods of extremely low humidity.

Answer 33

Static Artifacts

Question 34

Three Distinct Patterns of Static Artifact

Answer 34

a. Crown b. Tree c.Smudge

Question 35

The yellow-brown stain that slowly appears on a radiograph after a long storage time indicates a problem with hyporetention from the fixer.

Answer 35

Hypo retention Stain

Question 36

How to prevent fingermarks on the film?

Answer 36

Keep fingers dry and clean. Touch only film edges