MIDTERM MORE LIKE MIDFAIL

Question 1

Anasazi

Answer 1

A Native American who lived in what is now southern Colorado and Utah and northern Arizona and New Mexico and who built cliff dwellings

Question 2

Pueblos

Answer 2

A group of Native American tribes who lived in the Mountain and Basins of Texas, lived in adobe houses, and subsisted on agriculture

Question 3

Lakota Sioux

Answer 3

American Indian tribe that started using horses in the 17th century. This allowed them to change from farming to nomadic buffalo hunting. Based in the Great Plains

Question 4

Mound Builders

Answer 4

Native american civilizations of the eastern region of north america that created distinctive earthen works that served as elaborate burial places

Question 5

Protestant Reformation

Answer 5

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

Question 6

Columbian Exchange

Answer 6

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus’s voyages.

Question 7

Encomienda System:

Answer 7

system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills.

Question 8

Asiento System

Answer 8

System that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.

Question 9

Corporate colonies

Answer 9

Colonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown

Question 10

Royal Colonies

Answer 10

Colonies controlled by the British king through governors appointed by him and through the king’s veto power over colonial laws.

Question 11

proprietary colonies

Answer 11

colony run by individuals or groups to whom land was granted

Question 12

Jamestown

Answer 12

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia. It was a corporate colony

Question 13

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay

Answer 13

Where pilgrims landed and settled

Question 14

Mayflower Compact, House of Burgesses

Answer 14

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.

Question 15

Indentured servants

Answer 15

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

Question 16

headright system

Answer 16

Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.

Question 17

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 17

1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

Question 18

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 18

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

Question 19

Halfway convenant

Answer 19

A Puritan compromise that allowed the unconverted children of Puritans to become halfway members of the church. The Covenant allowed these halfway members to baptize their own children even though they themselves were not full members of the church, signified a drop in the religious zeal or mission that had characterized Massachusetts in its change in the religious character of New England Society.

Question 20

King Phillip’s War

Answer 20

1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

Question 21

Quakers, William Penn, holy experiment

Answer 21

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania, supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all

Question 22

Mercantilism

Answer 22

The belief that money equals power, sell more than buy, more export than import

Question 23

Triangular trade, middle passage

Answer 23

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Question 24

colonial resources

Answer 24

New England- fish, rum, iron, fir, no agriculture
Middle Colonies- hemp, lumber, corn, mainly hunting
Southern Colonies- FARMING

Question 25

Great Awakening

Answer 25

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were establishe

Question 26

Two Treatises of Government

Answer 26

A book written by John Locke which stated details about natural rights and that people were born with and entitled to life, liberty, and property.

Question 27

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 27

First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Question 28

Constitutional Convention

Answer 28

A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution

Question 29

slavery in the southern colonies

Answer 29

Grew due to the need for a cheap and steady supply of cheap labor was needed on plantations

Question 30

French and Indian War

Answer 30

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Question 31

Pontiac's Rebellion

Answer 31

1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.

Question 32

Proclamation Act of 1763

Answer 32

forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

Question 33

Sugar Act of 1764, Stamp Act

Answer 33

raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown and increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies. This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items.

Question 34

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 34

A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept.

Question 35

Townshend Acts

Answer 35

taxes that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

Question 36

Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party

Answer 36

British guards opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor. The colonists refused to pay for the damaged goods and thus had restrictions put upon their town such as no trade alongside having soldiers in their town.

Question 37

Committees of Correspondence

Answer 37

a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They provided the organization necessary to unite the colonies in opposition to Parliament.

Question 38

Intolerable Acts, Coercive Acts, Quebec Act

Answer 38

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses, extended boundaries of Quebec

Question 39

First Continental Congress

Answer 39

Delagates from all colonies except Georgia met to discuss problems with britain and to promote independence

Question 40

Lexington and Concord, minutemen

Answer 40

April 8, 1775: Gage leads 700 soldiers to confiscate colonial weapons and arrest Adam, and Hancock; April 19, 1775: 70 armed militia face British at Lexington

Question 41

Battle of Bunker Hill

Answer 41

First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths.

Question 42

Second Continental Congress, Olive Branch Petition

Answer 42

Political authority that directed the struggle for independence beginning in 1775, offering of peace to British gov if accepted grievances, rejected

Question 43

Thomas Paine, Common Sense

Answer 43

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

Question 44

Patriots and Tories/ Loyalists

Answer 44

Patriots wanted independence and Loyalists wanted to support King George

Question 45

Treaty of Paris

Answer 45

(1898) treaty that ended the Spanish American war.

Question 46

Articles of Confederation

Answer 46

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.

Question 47

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Answer 47

Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery

Question 48

Shay's Rebellion

Answer 48

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government

Question 49

Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, Great Compromise

Answer 49

"Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. each state to have one vote in Congress instead of the number of votes being based on population representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate.

Question 50

3/5 Compromise

Answer 50

each slave would count for 3/5 of a person for taxation and representation purposes

Question 51

The Federalist Papers

Answer 51

to gain support for the ratification of the Constitutionr

Question 52

Bill of Rights

Answer 52

first 10 Amendments in Constitution

Question 53

Proclamation of Neutrality

Answer 53

A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.

Question 54

Jay's Treaty

Answer 54

said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley

Question 55

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 55

farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

Question 56

Washington's Farewell Address

Answer 56

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.

Question 57

XYZ Affair

Answer 57

ent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe.

Question 58

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 58

Alien Acts -The President could deport any alien living in the country that may pose a threat to America and extended the citizenship wait from 5 to 14 years. Sedition Act -People could be fined or jailed for criticizing the government. This was designed to try to prevent rebellion, but took away the right of free-speech.

Question 59

Marbury v. Madison, judicial review

Answer 59

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review, review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.

Question 60

impressment

Answer 60

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

Question 61

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 61

forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.

Question 62

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 62

Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecumseh and the Prophet attempted to oppress white settlement in the West, but defeated by William Henry Harrison. Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause to the War of 1812.

Question 63

Opposition to the War of 1812, Warhawks

Answer 63

unpopular in the Northeast, which viewed the war as a land grab by western war hawks who wanted to obtain Canada for the United States

Question 64

Hartford Convention

Answer 64

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party.

Question 65

Henry Clay's American System

Answer 65

Plan for economic growth: establish a protective tariff, establish a national bank, and improve the country's transporation system

Question 66

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 66

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

Question 67

Missouri Compromise

Answer 67

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Question 68

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 68

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 69

spoils system, kitchen cabinet

Answer 69

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends. A small group of Jackson's friends and advisors who were especially influential in the first years of his presidency. Jackson conferred with them instead of his regular cabinet.

Question 70

theory of nullification

Answer 70

the theory that states have the right to nullify a federal law they feel is unconstitutional

Question 71

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Answer 71

Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration, this act removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an "Indian Territory" where they would be "permanently" housed.

Question 72

Trail of Tears

Answer 72

The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

Question 73

Andrew Jackson

Answer 73

opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

Question 74

Nativism

Answer 74

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

Question 75

interchangeable parts

Answer 75

cheaper and quicker to fix guns

Question 76

Lowell system

Answer 76

Dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in return for cheap labor, mill towns, homes for workers to live in around the mills

Question 77

cotton gin

Answer 77

made it faster to harvest cotton

Question 78

the Peculiar Institution

Answer 78

A euphemism for slavery and the economic ramifications of it in the American South. The term aimed to explain away the seeming contradiction of legalized slavery in a country whose Declaration of Independence states that "all men are created equal". It was one of the key causes of the Civil War.

Question 79

cotton kingdom

Answer 79

Areas in the south where cotton farming developed because of the high demand for cotton

Question 80

planter aristocracy

Answer 80

was the head of the southern society. they determined the political, economic, and even the social life of their region.

Question 81

Second Great Awakening

Answer 81

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.

Question 82

American Temperance Society

Answer 82

An organization group in which reformers are trying to help the ever present drink problem.

Question 83

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Answer 83

Rebellion in which Nat Turner led a group of slaves through virginia in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow and kill planter families

Question 84

54 50 or Fight!

Answer 84

The popular Polk slogan when he wished to acquire the Oregon territory from Britain, he wanted Britain to treaty it to the Americans or he said he would go to war.

Question 85

Mexican- American War and its consequences for the Civil War

Answer 85

More states into the United States and debate over if they were going to be free or slave states

Question 86

Mexican- American War- causes, effects

Answer 86

Causes: Annexation of Texas, Border dispute with Mexico. Effects: Mexican Cession

Question 87

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 87

Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million

Question 88

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 88

proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico

Question 89

settlement of the Western territories

Answer 89

divided the North and the South over the issue of slavery in the territories.

Question 90

popular sovereignty

Answer 90

belief that ultimate power resides with the people

Question 91

Compromise of 1850

Answer 91

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

Question 92

fugitive slave law

Answer 92

Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, with irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad.

Question 93

Kansas- Nebraska Act

Answer 93

Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.

Question 94

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 94

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

Question 95

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Answer 95

decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens

Question 96

Freeport Doctrine

Answer 96

slavery could only exist based on popular sovereignty

Question 97

Harper's Ferry

Answer 97

John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists;

Question 98

Election of 1860

Answer 98

Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union.

Question 99

Fort Sumter

Answer 99

Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

Question 100

Border states

Answer 100

in the civil war the states between the north and the south: delaware, mayland, kentucky, and missouri

Question 101

Anaconda Plan

Answer 101

Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south

Question 102

Whig

Answer 102

opposed to Jackson

Question 103

Democratic- Republican

Answer 103

wanted most power to stay with the states and wanted the farmers and the 'common man' to run the nation.

Question 104

Federalist

Answer 104

wanted a strong central government

Question 105

Abolitionists

Answer 105

people who believed slavery should be outlawed

Question 106

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 106

landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".

Question 107

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 107

Supreme Court ruled monopoly = illegal