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Rehab 104: Neurorehab 2 > Midterm: PNI UE > Flashcards

Midterm: PNI UE Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 layers that encloses the peripheral nerves?

A
  1. Endoneurium
  2. Perineurium
  3. Epineurium
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2
Q

What is the cause of neuropraxia

A

Compression

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3
Q

What is the healing time of Neuropraxia?

A

1-2 months (3-5 weeks)

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4
Q

What are the feature or effect of Neuropraxia?

A

Minimal Weakness
Thick myelinated motor nerve

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5
Q

What are the structure(s) affected in Neuropraxia?

A

Conduction block
(-) Wallerian Degeneration

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6
Q

What is the cause of Axonotmesis ?

A

Severe compression + traction

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7
Q

What are the structures affected in Axonotmesis?

A

Axon ONLY
(+) Wallerian Degeneration

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8
Q

What type of Wallerian Degeneration is present in Axonotmesis?

A

Axonal Degeneration

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9
Q

What is the healing time of Axonotmesis?

A

1-2mm/day

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10
Q

Does Axonotmesis have a good prognosis?

A

It has a GOOD prognosis

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11
Q

What are the features of having Axonotmesis

A

Myelinated motor and sensory nerves

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12
Q

What is the cause of Neurotmesis ?

A

Trauma

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13
Q

What are the structures affected in Neurotmesis?

A

Complete severity of the neuron include surround structures
(+) Wallerian Degeneration

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14
Q

What is the treatment duration of a pt c Neurotmesis?

A

Surgery

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15
Q

What is the prognosis of patient with Neurotmesis?

A

Poor

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16
Q

What feature is present in Neurotmesis?

A

Any

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17
Q

Out of the 3 PNI Classifications, who does have a (+) Wallerian Degeneration?

A

Axonotmesis et Neurotmesis

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18
Q

What is the description of a First Degree PNI?

A

Focal conduction block without axonal damage

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19
Q

What Sunderland classification does Neurapraxia belong?

A

First degree

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20
Q

What degree is Axonotmesis based on Sunderland classification?

A

Second degree

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21
Q

What is the description of a second degree classification of PNI (Sunderland)?

A

Axon damage with wallerian degeneration, supporting structures intact

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22
Q

What degree is Neurotmesis based on Sunderland PNI Classification?

A

3rd, 4th, 5th

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23
Q

What is the description of a 3rd degree PNI?

A

Damage to axon and endoneurium

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24
Q

What is the description of a 4th degree PNI?

A

Damage to perineurium and endoneurium

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25
What is the description of a 5th degree PNI?
Damage to axon and all supporting structures
26
What is a Sixth-degree Injury?
Mixed nerve injury that combines the other degrees of injury
27
Introduced by Mackinnon to describe a mixed nerve injury that combines the other degrees of injury
Sixth-degree Injury
28
Occurs when some fascicles of the nerve are working normally while other fascicles may be recovering, and other fascicles may require surgical intervention to permit axonal degeneration
Sixth-degree injury
29
(T/F) In 6th-degree injury, fascicles require surgical intervention to permit axonal degenetation
True
30
(T/F) some fascicles of the nerve are working normally while other fascicles may be recovering
True
31
Enumerate the sequelae of Peripheral Nerve Compression
1. Paresthesia 2. Motor Paresis 3. Sensory Deficits 4. Both Motor and Sensory Deficits
32
Which of the following is not part of the branches of brachial plexus? A. Axillary nerve B. Long thoracic nerve C. Median nerve D. Radial nerve
B. Long thoracic nerve
33
Which of the following has innervation from the medial cord of the brachial plexus? A. Musculocutaneous Nerve B. Axillary Nerve C. Ulnar Nerve D. Radial Nerve
C. Ulnar Nerve
34
Affectation of this cord in the brachial plexus will lead to limitation of Adduction, Internal Rotation and Extension A. Lateral Cord B. Posterior Cord C. Medial Cord
B. Posterior Cord
35
What are the roots that belong to the brachial plexus?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
36
In the thoracic outlet syndrome, which of the following is/are subjected to compression? A. Subscapular Nerve B. subclavian Nerve C. Jugular Nerve D. Brachial Plexus
D. Brachial Plexus
37
Interval from the supraclavicular fossa to the axilla that passes between the clavicle and the 1st rib
Thoracic outlet
38
Where can you find the thoracic outlet?
From the supraclavicular fossa to the axilla that passes between the clavicle and the first rib
39
What are the 3 important structures that may be subjected to compression in thoracic outlet syndrome?
1. Subclavian artery 2. Subclavian vein 3. Brachial Plexus
40
What are the muscles affected if you had flexion-hyperextension type of trauma in the neck
Scalene Muscles
41
What is the MOI of trauma to the neck?
Flexion-hyperextension type -> tearing of the scalene muscle bundles -> compression of the nerve roots and trunks
42
This is caused by undergoing chemo; breast cancer
Radiation fibrosis
43
What is the most common cancer that will cause radiation fibrosis?
Breast CA
44
It is common to athletes that uses throwing / repetitive motions
Repetitive traction injury
45
What is the most common general manifestation of TOS?
UE paresthesia (98%)
46
What are the general manifestations of TOS?
1. UE paresthesia 2. Trapezis pain 3. SH and/or arm pain 4. Supraclavicular pain 5. Chest Pain 6. Occipital headache 7. NA 8. Paresthesias in the 4th and 5th fingers only 9. Paresthesia in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd finger
47
What is the other name of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Subclavian Artery Occlusion
48
(T/F) Dense fascial bands running forward and inferiorly from a cervical rib or elongated transverse process of C7 can cause Arterial TOS
True
49
(T/F) SUbclavian Artery Occlusion Sx may be positional and may interfere c occupations requiring overhead arm use
True
50
(T/F) there is absence of pulse with a completely abducted arm during overhead activity in TOS
True
51
What is Aneurysmal Disease caused by?
Embolization is caused by fragments of the clotted material within the aneurysm breaking loose and lodging in the distal vessels
52
What assessment is used to confirm presence of aneurysm?
Ultrasound study
53
What are the affected muscles in TOS?
Scalene, levator scapulae, pectoralis m, pectoralis M, anterior portion of the intercostals, suboccipital mm
54
Which of the following muscles help in Upward rotation of the scapula? A. Rhomboids B. Pectoralis Minor C. Trapezius D. Levator scapulae
C. Trapezius
55
In injury of the long thoracic nerve, entrapment of C5 and C6 as they pass through the _________
Scelaneus muscles
56
Where is the structure that compresses the nerve in UE traction that causes long thoracic nerve injury?
2nd rib
57
Compression and traction to the nerve by the _____ during general anestheis or with passive abduction of the arm will cause injury of the long thoracic nerve
Inferior angle of scapula
58
What is the result if you injured your long thoracic nerve?
Scapular winging
59
If the SA is weak where does the scapula goes or moves?
Upward
60
What muscle is affected in medial scapular winging?
Serratus anterior
61
What nerve is affected in medial scapular winging?
Long thoracic nerve
62
What nerve is affected in lateral scapular winging?
CN 11
63
What muscle sis affected in lateral scapular winging?
Trapezius
64
What nerve is affected in posterior scapular winging
DSN
65
What muscle is affected in posterior scapular winging?
Rhomboids and levator scapulae
66
Affected motion in Erb’s Palsy
1. Elbow flexion 2. FA supination 3. Wrist extension
67
What is the MOI of Erb’s Palsy?
Shoulder depression and lateral flexion of the neck to the opposite side
68
What are the affected nerve root in Erb’s Palsy?
C5 et C6
69
Also known as the upper plexus injury
Erb’s palsy / Erb-Duchenne Palsy
70
Enumerate the Waiter’s Tip Deformity
1. Sh- add IR 2. Elbow extension 3. FA pronation 4. Wrist flexion
71
Which of the following sign and symptom is not related to HORNER’S SYNDROME? A. Miosis B. Anhidrosis C. Ptosis D. Exopthalmus
D. Exopthalmus
72
What deformity is cause by Kumpke Palsy?
(+) claw hand (+) horner’s syndrome
73
If erb’s palsy is upper plexus injury, Klumpke Palsy is ______
Lower plexus injury
74
Nerve roots affected in Klumpke Palsy
C8, T1 roots, lower trunk, medial cord level
75
An upper limb neurodynamic tension test that assess the integrity of Radial nerve A. ULNT 1 B. ULNT 2 C. ULNT 3 D. ULNT 4
C. ULNT 3
76
An upper limb neurodynamic tension test that assess the integrity of Axillary Nerve A. ULNT 1 B. ULNT 2 C. ULNT 3 D. ULNT 4
B. ULNT 2
77
Most common entrapment nN. In shoulder 2* ______
Humeral neck Fx
78
Origin of the axillary nerve is from
Posterior cord (brachial plexus)
79
A specific space that if there is an injury in the axillary nerve it will cause entrapment
Quadrilateral space
80
Actions affected of deltoid paralysis
SH: flexion, abd, extension
81
Teres minor paralysis will affect what action?
External rotation
82
If there is injury of the axillary nerve, is there any sensation left?
Loss of sensation over deltoid prominence
83
MOI of Axillary Nerve Injury
1. Anterior or inferior dislocation of humeral head 2. Fracture of surgical neck of the humerus 3. Forceful abd of humerus 4. FOOSH

Rehab 104: Neurorehab 2 (1 decks)

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