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Life Aquatic > Midterm Qs > Flashcards

Midterm Qs Flashcards

1
Q

A group of populations of different species within a given area

A

A community

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2
Q

A fish that changes sexes in response to environmental conditions

A

Hermaphrodism

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3
Q

Responsible for 20% of atmospheric oxygen

A

Diatoms

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4
Q

The character and structure of a stream is defined by

A

water or current velocity

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5
Q

Low primary production occurs in tropical waters due to

A

Permanent thermal stratification

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6
Q

Quaternary consumers are often lower in abundance because

A

Their trophic level retains less energy

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7
Q

What type of service is primary production

A

Supporting service

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8
Q

An example of a regulating service is

A

Carbon storage

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9
Q

What type of service is water purification

A

Regulating service

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10
Q

What are examples of supporting services

A

photosynthesis, water cycle, nutrient cycling by decomposers, etc.

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11
Q

What taxa makes up the bulk of vertebrate biodiversity in freshwater systems?

A

Ray-finned fish (lobe-finned fish are mostly extinct, except the coelacanths)

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12
Q

Reversible phenotypic changes that correspond to environmental changes are considered

A

Acclimations

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13
Q

What are examples of coastal ecosystems

A

Coral reefs, estuaries, salt marshes

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14
Q

What is viviparity in sharks?

A

They give birth to live young

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15
Q

What are reservoirs

A

Manmade lakes, rather than from natural/geological processes

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16
Q

Do mysticetes or odontocetes have more species diversity

A

Odontocetes (toothed whales, porpoises, dolphins) have more species diversity

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17
Q

What is the streamlined structure of aquatic animals an adaptation to?

A

Viscosity of water

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18
Q

What is a fourth order stream?

A

One of the later streams in order, so bigger

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19
Q

What is the smallest order of stream?

A

First order stream

20
Q

What are catadromous fish?

A

They migrate to the sea to breed

21
Q

What are anadromous fish?

A

They migrate to freshwater to breed

22
Q

What are potamodromous fish?

A

Migrate within freshwater

23
Q

What are diadromous fish?

A

Migrate between fresh and salt

24
Q

What are oceanodromous fish?

A

Migrate within saltwater

25
Q

What is a starfish?

A

An echinoderm, and it actually moves to prey on other species

26
Q

What is a sea anemone or coral?

A

Cnidarian

27
Q

What does it mean if water is oligotrophic?

A

Low in nutrients

28
Q

When do dead zones occur?

A

When the water is eutrophic or hypertrophic leading to algal blooms and then hypoxia or anoxia

29
Q

What is a taxon found only in marine waters?

A

Echinodermata or Tunicata

30
Q

What is speciation from a barrier?

A

Allopatric

31
Q

What is speciation from colonization?

A

Peripatric

32
Q

What is speciation from split habitats in one area?

A

Parapatric

33
Q

What is speciation from genetic polymorphism?

A

Sympatric

34
Q

What is a taxon with radial symmetry?

A

Cnidarians, or echinoderms

35
Q

What is notable about the mandarin duck?

A

it mates for life, and the females initiate courtship, and they perch on branches

36
Q

What is notable about the little penguin?

A

it means good little diver and is the smallest species of penguins, with really dense feathers and countershading, they are true diurnal penguins and there are tricky questions with ecotourism

37
Q

What is notable about the giant pacific octopus?

A

Huge, and can squeeze through almost any gap that is the size of their beak, fight for control over dens and are highly cognitively developed

38
Q

What is notable about the portuguese man of war?

A

There is no central nervous system or brain, it is a siphonophore so it is made of zooids that combine together, it is pleustic and planktonic with no independent movement, it is free-spawning and left or right handed

39
Q

What is notable about the hawaiian monk seal?

A

it is very mysterious, spending 2/3 of life at sea, and it only comes on shore for naps or refuge, it is a carnivore generalist and an apex predator, and the mom cares for the young A LOT

40
Q

What is notable about the leafy sea dragon?

A

Camouflage is its weapon, it is not great at swimming, and thus currents are its greatest “predator,” no animal predators are known, the males carry out the pregnancy

41
Q

What is notable about the Atlantic oyster?

A

It is a bivalve mollusk and gives a lot of ecosystem services, it can filter a lot of water, it is closely tied to the history of New York, and they can fuse together into huge oyster reefs

42
Q

What is notable about the blue sea dragon?

A

It is a gastropod and a nudibranch that floats on its back and is the size of a grape, it has cerata that hold stinging cells from its prey, might have regenerative heads

43
Q

What is notable about the caribbean reef shark?

A

Apex predator of coral reefs, keeps prey populations in check, a good sign that the ecosystem is healthy

44
Q

What is notable about the Manta Ray?

A
45
Q

What is notable about the Blue Whale?

A
46
Q

What is notable about the Spring Peeper Frog?

A

Life Aquatic (18 decks)

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