Midterm Questions

Question 1

A manned submersible which has gone to the greatest depths

Answer 1

Trieste

Question 2

An air breathing deep sea animal which feeds down to 2 km

Answer 2

Sperm whale

Question 3

First scientist to descent to the greatest depth in the ocean

Answer 3

William Beebe

Question 4

Oldest US oceanographic institution

Answer 4

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Question 5

Animals found at the greatest depths

Answer 5

amphipods, sea cucumbers, sea anemones

Question 6

In open ocean, the lowest O2 is usually found where

Answer 6

Less than 1000 m

Question 7

Species livng at the greatest depths are typically what color

Answer 7

Colorless

Question 8

The eyes of deep sea animals are typically specialized for what

Answer 8

Seeing the blue of bioluminescence

Question 9

ROVs are favored over manned submersibles why

Answer 9

They can operate continuously without returning to the surfacr

Question 10

Deep-sea benthic infauna are typically what

Answer 10

Less than 1 cm in length

Question 11

One characteristic not typical for the deep sea

Answer 11

Warm temps

Question 12

Greatest depth of the ocean is a little less than the distance from UCSB to where

Answer 12

Downtown SB

Question 13

Best developed O2 minimum zones are found where

Answer 13

Margins of the oceans

Question 14

The three people who have been to the greatest depths

Answer 14

Don Walsh, Jim Cameron, Jacques Piccard

Question 15

The term “azoic zone” was applied to what idea

Answer 15

There was a depth below which there was no life

Question 16

Burglar alarm theory of luminescent function

Answer 16

Light produced by prey organism in response to predator attracts a predator on the predator of the first organism

Question 17

Lower metabolic rates found in some species of midwater animals at depth as compared with shallower species are what

Answer 17

Found even where there is relatively high O2 concentrations

Question 18

Group not found at the greatest depth

Answer 18

Cephalopods

Question 19

Currently accepted way to quantitatively sample the infauna of the mud bottom

Answer 19

Box corer

Question 20

Function of luminous clouds released by some deep sea animals

Answer 20

Distract/startle predators

Question 21

Why was Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species” responsible for promoting interest in deep sea life

Answer 21

Darwin suggested that the rate of evolution was dependent on the rate of environmental change, leading to the expectation that more primitive forms might be found in the deep sea

Question 22

First expedition to demonstrate that life could be found at great depths

Answer 22

Challenger

Question 23

Some groups of animals are more important at greater depths than shallow, including

Answer 23

Lophogastrids, sea cucumbers, pelagic nemerteans

Question 24

If one took a trawl during the day and found half red crustaceans and silvery fish, the depth is about what

Answer 24

350 m

Question 25

In a trawl taken at 800 m in the daytime, one would expect to find what

Answer 25

Black fishes, red crustaceans

Question 26

Counterillumination is what

Answer 26

Use of ventrally directed light organs to obscure the shadows of mesopelagic organisms

Question 27

First expedition to sample water and animals from the greatest depths

Answer 27

Galathea

Question 28

Coelenterazine is the luciferin used by what

Answer 28

Lanternfishes, vampire squid, oplophorid shrimp, lophogastrid shrimp

Question 29

Coelenterazine is synthesized by what

Answer 29

Oplophorid shrimps

Question 30

Deepest place in ocean in found where

Answer 30

Western Pacific

Question 31

Animals found at depths greater than 3 km, as compared with shallower species, tend to be relatively what

Answer 31

more colorless

Question 32

Bathybius haeklii was described by Thomas Huxley as what

Answer 32

A thin layer of protoplasm covering the bottom of the deep sea

Question 33

Largest fishes are found living where

Answer 33

At the surface

Question 34

Transparency of the body is an adaptation found primarily in animal which live where

Answer 34

Near the surface

Question 35

Diurnal vertical migration is cued primarily by what

Answer 35

Light

Question 36

Diurnal vertical migration into the surface waters at night is selected for primarily by what

Answer 36

Greater availability of food at the surface

Question 37

The usual trend in depth with increasing size in oceanic animals

Answer 37

Larger individuals tend to live deeper than juveniles

Question 38

The O2 content of the oceans in general and the O2 minima in particular are what

Answer 38

Decreasing in recent years

Question 39

Allyn Vine did what for the Alvin

Answer 39

Was the geologist who had the foresight and persuasive abilities to convince the director of WHOI to apply to operate the Alvin

Question 40

The adaptive value of red colors in deep living animals

Answer 40

Red is cryptic in low intensity blue light found in the deep sea

Question 41

T/F: Selection by the burglar alarm effect has resulted in increasing levels of luminescence at great depths

Answer 41

False

Question 42

T/F: Red and black colors in deeper living animals are selected for by different factos

Answer 42

False

Question 43

T/F: Sea urchins are especially important at depths below 1500m

Answer 43

False

Question 44

T/F: Fishes are not found at all depths in the world ocean

Answer 44

True

Question 45

T/F: The colossal squid is the largest squid and lives near the surface in the Arctic

Answer 45

False

Question 46

T/F: The stability of conditions in the deep sea sets it apart from most habitats on earth although there are slow changes over time

Answer 46

True

Question 47

T/F: One way to look at animals that are diurnal vertical migrators is that they are nocturnal specialists which take refuge at depth during the day

Answer 47

True

Question 48

T/F: The changes in depth found in oceanic animals over their lives is called diurnal migrations

Answer 48

False

Question 49

T/F: The gulper eel is a true deep sea monster that preys on animals much larger than its own 6 foot length

Answer 49

False

Question 50

T/F: Only animals with eyes are able to bioluminesce because it wouldn't be of use to them if they couldn't see

Answer 50

False