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HIST 409 > Midterm Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Midterm Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bretton Woods Conference/Institutions

A

July 1944 Conference between allied nations to determine/create new economic order post WW2

Focused on keynesian economics and liberalization of trade

IMF and World Bank

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2
Q

Grand Alliance

A

1941-1945

Alliance between USSR, US and Great Britain

Fought the nazis and attempted to create a peaceful post war society

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3
Q

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

1944

Created during Bretton Woods conference with goal to create a more stable monetary and economic system

Institutionalized the politics of productivity while symbolizing US internationalism

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4
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Speech March 5, 1946 in Fulton Missouri (Churchill)

was a barrier that separated the USSR spheres of influence in eastern Europe with the Western allied spheres

Symbolized the split in Soviet- Western relations

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5
Q

Kennan George

A

US ambassador to USSR in 1946

Long Telegram outlined his realist belief that the USSR would respond only to power

promoted the pursuit of containment as official US policy

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6
Q

Henry Luce

A

American businessman and internationalist during WW2 and Post War era

Wrote article “This American Century” in 1940 that advocated for American involvement in the war

Promoted U.S. exceptionalism and need to spread american ideals

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7
Q

Karl Marx/Marxism

A

1818-1883

German philospher that defined the relationship between capital and labour emphasizing role of the class

Communism as a response/competitor to inequality and unfairness in capitalism system

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8
Q

Novikov Telegram

A

Sept. 27, 1946

Soviet ambassord to the US that outline soviet self perception as a force to be reckoned with in Europe, ideological alignment of US (world supremacy) and US attitude to USSR (rivals)

Would shape US/USSR relationship and further alienate the two countries

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9
Q

Realism/Realpolitik

A

IR theory that defines relationship between states in terms of power

Prominent in WW1-WW2 and Post war era evident through kennans long telegram

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10
Q

San Francisco Conference

A

April 22-June 26 1945

Conference attended by 50 allied naitons to discuss creation of UN

Signified an internationalism in world politics with 4 policement and pursued wilsonian ideals

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11
Q

Woodrow Wilson/Wilsoniansim

A

1856-1924 28th president

President during WW1 that promoted wilsonian ideals to end future conflicts

Spread of democracy, capitalism and opposed isolationism. Policies that would be adopted during post WW2 era

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12
Q

World Bank

A

July 1944

Part of Bretton Woods IO’s and aimed at reducing poverty and increasing development

Primary purpose to rebuild Europe and signalized the instutionalization of politics of productivity and US internationalism

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13
Q

Yalta Conference

A

Feb. 1945

Meeting between the big three (Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin) to discuss the post war Europe

Stalin agrees to free and fair elections a promise that he reniggs on creating animosity

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14
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

1948-1949

Was an allied endeavor to supply the city of berlin and their citizens following a soviet blockade

Symbolized the strength of the allied/NATO nations and willingness to protect their people– huge PR success

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15
Q

Containment

A

Post WW2 era policy that was aimed at controlling the spread of communism and their sphere’s of influence

Promoted by George Kennan and Truman Administration

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16
Q

Economic Miracle

A

Refers to German/Europe’s economic recovery following WW2

Symbolized in American sense the virtue of liberal economics as the only economic doctrine

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17
Q

European Coal and Steel Community

A

Created by the Treaty of Paris 1952

served to create a common market for coal and steel among member states in Europe with hopes of neutralizing competition

Part of a policy that aimed at rebuilding Germany without giving it too much military strength and saw the occupation of the ruhr valley

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18
Q

European Economic Recovery Plan

A

1948

American initiative to aid Western Europe to rebuild after WW2. Gave 13B USD in support

Aim was to rebuild industry, modernize and remove trade barriers

Economics of productivity as a means of combating communism

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19
Q

Federal Republic of Germany

A

Formed in 1949

Was the creation of a partially reunified German state that consisted of the allied bloc

Joined Nato and was a cause for concern in USSR leading to Warsaw pact

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20
Q

German Question

A

Was the question of what to do with Germany post WW2

Allies wanted to strengthen Germany to reintegrate them into European economoy while USSR wanted to weaken them to ensure they would not be invaded again

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21
Q

Greek Civil War

A

1946-1949

Was a struggle between leftist revolutionaries and democratic government that saw the US come to the aid of democratic countries fighting communism through the Truman doctrine

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22
Q

Krushcev, Nikita

A

Was the Secretary of State for the USSR (1953-1964)
Responsible for the destalinization of the USSR

Liberal reforms that aimed less repressive forms of government

Policies aimed at bettering lives of citizens
Kitchen Debate

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23
Q

Kitchen Debate (1959)

A

Series of casual discussions between Nixon and Khruschev during the American National Exhibition that was taking place in Moscow
Discussions revolved around the nature of communism and capitalism and how modern communism had become
Nixon called for free exchange of ideas while Khruschev totted new Soviet technologies and how far communism had advanced in 50 years

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24
Q

Marshall Plan

A

1948

An American initiative to aid Western Europe to rebuild after WWII gave 13 Billion USD in support
Aim was to rebuild industry, modernize, remove trade barriers and most of all prevent spread of communism
Was an integral part of the economics of productivity

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25
NATO
Formed in 1949 Comes down to questions/concerns regarding germany in a geopolitical sense German needs to reintegrated economically to build up european region Defend Germany from communist threat
26
Treaty of Rome
Signed March 25 1957 by belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands and West Germany Created the European Economic community that built upon the treaty of Paris and the ECSC leading to the European Economic Community reduction of customs, duties and created a common market of goods, labour and services Predecessor to the EU
27
Truman Doctrine
1947 A statement made by Truman to Congress that pledged the support of Turkey and Greece in their fight against communism supplied them with financial aid Symbolized the new policy of containment Laid the groundwork for NATO and set a precedent to fight communism through financial aid
28
Harry Truman
33rd president of the U.S. succeeding FDR In power during final months of WWII that saw the dropping of the atomic bomb and rising tensions with USSR Known for his promotion of containment and began an internationalist period of american foreign policy Truman Doctrine and aid to Europe
29
Bao Dai Government
Recognized March 1950 The french created and loyalist/puppet government set up in South Vietnam
30
Chinese Civil War
(1945-1949) Was a war between Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party CCP victory led to massive blowback in the states with the “loss of China”, surprised everyone as even Stalin didn’t see communism working in agricultural society
31
Chinese People’s Volunteers
CPVA was the chinese military force Fought against the U.S. in korean war that led to pushing back american forces from North Korea back to 38th parrallel
32
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Established 1948 Was the communist/nationalist party established to fight the imperialist French regime Founder Kim Jon Ill
33
Domino Theory
NSC- 68 in 1950 Notion that loss of one country to communism will lead to another country to fall to communism, makes every country vital Reinforces the idea of global containment as well as set the stage for increase intervention and spending
34
First Indochina War
(1945-1954) Ho Chi Minh declares independence against French Imperalism who are being supported by the U.S. ends up defeating Bao DAi government to create a north south divide Put the US in difficult situation between support their allies/imperialism and support nationalistic parties
35
Ho Chi Minh
Leader from 1951- 1969 Influential communist leader in Vietnam and establishes the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the northern section of vietnam
36
Inchon Landing
September 1950 a Brazen counter attack led by General MacArthur that landed behind enemy lines in the Korean War Effectively cut the supply line of the enemy and led to a massive counter offensive
37
Indonesian National Revolution | 1945-1949
(1945-1949) Was a nationalist revolution led by Sukarno that faced British and Dutch when tried ot reassert control US pulled plug on aid to Dutch which led to defeat-- showed US view as imperialism as a practice of the past
38
Kim Jong Il
1972- 1994 (president) Communist leader in North Korea responsible for establishing the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
39
Kuomintang KMT
Was the democratic/nationalist party of China Extremely unorganized and very corrupt in the post War era which led to US pulling support and loss to CCP
40
Loss of China
(1949) Was a political issue following China becoming communist state Kicks off the Red Scare in the USA as civilians questioned state department failures
41
MacArthur, Douglas
General of the US forces in Asia, basically ruler of Japan Leads the US forces in Korean war (Inchon) but was too cocky and disobeyed Trumans orders of not pushing too far north Got too close to Chinese so they counter attacked-- led to his dismissal from Truman
42
Mao Zedong
Leader of Communist China from 1949-1976 Revolutionary Leader of the CCP in China during Chinese Civil War and leader of communist state that followed
43
Marshall, George
Secretary of State for Harry Truman 1947-1949 Creator of the Marshall Plan: economic aid to europe to rebuild infrastructure and industry Marshall Mission in 1945-1947: KMT and CCP meetings
44
Marshall Mission
(1945-1947) Diplomatic mission when George Marshall was sent ot meet with KMT and CCP parties Comes back dissillusioned with KMT and tells Truman not to sink too many resources into organization
45
NSC-68
April 1950 Was a direct response to the fall of China and USSR atomic bomb testing, Government memo that globalized the policy of containment Established the domino theory and increased defense spending
46
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
Declared on October 1949 Was the first agricultural society to go through the communist revolution after KMT were essentially beaten off mainland china Surprised the world with success of communism in an agricultural society
47
Renville Agreement
1948 Was the UN Brokered agreement that unsuccessful in mitigating the dispute between Netherlands and Indonesian Independence Revolution Symbolized the US belief in imperialism as a dying regime
48
Republic of Korea
1948 Was the American/Democratic regime established in South Korea following split with North Korea
49
Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty
1950 Relationship that established ties between Stalin and Mao Ze Dong Stalin initially hesitant to give resources to Mao, but after realizing how well organized they are/possibility of success he provides resources
50
Sukarno
Nationalist leader of Indonesia and president form 1945-1967 Led the nationalist movement in Indonesia following WW2 that led to a decleration of indpendence from Netherlands in 1945
51
Syngman Rhee
President of South Korea 1948-1960 Was the first president of the Republic of Korea nation
52
Vietnamese Workers’ Party
Led by Ho Chi Minh Was the communist party in North Vietnam
53
Arbenz, Guzman
President of Guatemala from 1951-1954 Was overthrown in a Coup led by the CIA after nationalizing Guatemalan agricultural firms and planning land redistribution
54
Aswan Dam
Constructed in Egypt with soviet help in 1960 to help provide electricity to egypt Was a dam that was funded by the USSR as a means of strengthening relations with egypt. Helped USSR show that they were interested in development of underdeveloped states
55
Bandung Conference
April 1956 Asian and African heads of states met to discuss need for economic development and to denounce the cold war Was one of the first international conferences that was not attended by european/western nations
56
Food for Peace/PL-480
July 10 1954 Program that eased the developing nations access to american food/agricultural producst. Part of the hearts and minds campaign to win over less developed countries
57
Guatemalan Coup,
1954 Following Arbenz Guzman nationalizing agricultural firms and issuing land redistribution CIA orchestrates Coup D’etats More forthright intervention of the US when economic policies did not meet american aims
58
Iran Coup
1953 Mohammad Mossadeq begins to nationalize oil companies in Iran Doesn’t fit US belief in privatization so the CIA organize a Coup D’etats
59
Modernization Theory
Was a theory proposed by Walt Rostow Claimed a theoretical frame that states the US represents the cutting edge of modernity, US bring every other country into modernity
60
Mossadeq, Muhammad
Prime Minister of Iran in the early fifties Was overthrown in a Coup D’Etats following his nationalization of the oil companies (1953)
61
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
President of Egypt President during the suez Canal crisis in 1956 Promoted the non-aligned movement
62
Nkrumah, Kwame
Was the Ghanaian President from 1957 - 1966 Pushed for the funding of the Volta River Dam project that was supported by the US government Illustrated how developing countries could play US/USSR off each other to get development money
63
Nonaligned Movement
Was a movement of underdeveloped countries who stated they wanted to be neither communist or capitalist Argued for the self determination and right not for the US/USSR to interfere in domestic politics-- no more coups
64
Prebisch, Raul
Argentinian Economist who was a pioneer of development economics
65
Romero, Carlos
President of El Salvador in late 70s early 80s Overthrown in a Coup by leftist revolutionaries who began to nationalize industries and planned to introduce land reform
66
Rostow, Walt
1916-2003 US Academian who created Modernization Theory Author of “Stages of Economic Growth: An Anti-communist Manifesto”
67
Suez Crisis
1956 Britain and Israel create plot that involves attacking Israel so that Britain and France can regain control of the Suez Canal U.S. steps in and makes the British/French pull out through economic sanctions-- symbolizes the shift of power as US decides what can and can’t be done
68
Three Muskateers of Nonalignment
Jawaharial Nehru, Sukarno and Gamal and Abdel Nasser Stated that developing states should not have to choose between soviet and american blocs and could pursue self determination-- bigger states to stop bullying them no more coups
69
UNCTAD
UN conference on Trade and Development in 1964 Created a new organization that was solely focused on development issues
70
Volta River dam
Dam built in Ghana with help from US government to build Ghanaian infrastructure Part of the hearts and mind campaign of the US to illustrate their support for developing countries

HIST 409 (2 decks)

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