MIDTERM REVIEW Flashcards by Norberto Leija

What are 3 common enterobacteriaceae

E. coli, salmonella, and shigella

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E. coli causes what

Gastroenteritis

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Salmonella causes what

Gasteroenteritis, enteric fever

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Shigella causes what

gastroenteritis and shiga toxin

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Yersinia causes what

bubonic plague

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what bacteria will cause watery diarrhea

Vibrio cholerae

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What pseudomonas will cause pulmonary infection

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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LPS and siderophores is found in what kind of bacteria cells

Pseudomonas bacteria

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Campylobacter jejuni will cause what

gastroenteritis

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Helicobacter pylori will cause what disease

gastritis and peptic ulcers

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What did Leeuwenhoek discover in 1674

Microscopic world

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Otto muler and Leeuwenhoek did what in around 1774

created classification

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Helne discovered what and in what year

germ theory in 1840

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what is sterilization

complete destruction of all microorganims

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Disinfectants work by

destruction of vegetative pathogen

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Antisepsis work in the

destruction of vegetative pathogen on living tissue

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what is the most common microscopy (used in high school)

bright field (light) microscopy

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Bordetella pertussis will cause what disease

pertussis

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Rat bite fever caused by what pathogen

streptobacillus monlliformls

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What are the most famous clostridium bacteria and what they cause

C. perfringens (soft tissue infections), C. botulinum (botulism), and C. tetani (tetanus)

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Non-spore forming anaerobic bacteria are what bacteria

Actinomyces spp. and Lactobacillus spp.

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Bacteroides fragilis trigger words are

gram negative rod, capsule, abscess formation and drug resistance

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Lyme borreliosis is caused by what pathogen

Borrelia (spirochaetales)

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Yaws is caused by what

Treponema (spirochaetales)

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Leptospira causes what

Leptospirosis (spirochaetales)

Describe the structure of spirochaetales

gram negative, have periplasmic flagellum

What is a distinct feature found in mycoplasma

No cell wall

Mycoplasma pneumonia causes what human disease

tracheobronchitisis

Rickettsia rickettsia causes what disease

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes what

human monocytic ehrlichosis

Chlamydiaceae is what

obligate intracellular paraiste (viruses)

Chlamydiaceae pneumonia causes what

pneumonia

What is the gram negative bacteria potent activator of innate host response

LPS

What bacteria is used to make yogurt and sauerkraut

Fermented milk, lactobacillus bulgarius and streptococcus thermopilus Fermented cabbage, leuconostoc mesenteroides

Are edema factor and lethal factor toxic by themselves

No, but form important toxins when structurally combined

What selective media is used for corynebacterium diphtheria

Holey's and because tellurite is strong oxidizing agent

Why do mycobacterial infections needed to be treated with multiple drugs for 6 months

It can be encapsulated with fibrin that protects bacteria from macrophage killing

What virulence factors are associated with neisseriaceae family

Type IV pili, a polysaccharid cause, toxin

What staphylococcal enzymes have been proposed as virulence factors

hydrolytic enzymes

The four mechanisms of antibiotic action are

disruption of cell wall, inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, and antimetabolite

What are main properties in isolated culture of clostridium perfiningens

it is anaerobic

what is type 3 secretion device

inject pore forming factors and effector molecules into host cell. Effector proteins help replicate bacteria

what are the anaerobic bacteria culture

semisolid agar or brucella agar

what are 3 types of anaerobic bacteria

bactericides, clostridium, and actinomycetes

Wet mount is used to observe what

motility

gram stain used to observe what

shape and if gram positive or gram negative

A common vibrio bacteria is what and what does it cause

Vibrio cholera and watery diarrhea

the most common speriquet

treponema pallidum syphilis

What color is gram positive and gram negative bacteria

purple; red/pink

what test is used to differentiate gram positive cocci bacteria and what are the results of two groups

catalase test; (+) staphylococcus and (-) streptococcus

What are the two groups found in staphylococcus and what test is used

(+) coagulase is S. aureus and others are (-) coagulase

What groups are found in gram positive bacilli and most famous

Bacillus, lactobacillus, corynebacterium, and listeria Most famous is C. diphtheriae

Gram negative cocci are what

neisseria, eikenella, and kingella

What are the two opportunist gram negative cocci

kingella and eikenella

What is used in Indole test

tryptophanase enzyme

what is used in citrate test

citrate as carbon source

what is used in urease test

urea hydrolysis

what is used in Mac monkey agar

lactose

describe brightfield light microscope

uses ocular and objective lens, uses light to illuminate specimen, and magnification is 10x, 40x and 100x

describe dark field microscope

uses condenser to prevent light from reaching specimen, unable to observe internal structure, magnification 10x, 40x, and 100x

describe phase contrast microscope

used to see internal structure, magnification 400x and 1000x

describe fluorescent microscope

stain with fluorescent dye and put under vapor light, magnification 100x

describe electron microscope

uses magnetic coils to direct electron to specimen, magnification 1,000,000x

what pathogen has a cell wall

bacteria

LPS is considered what

endotoxin

what is the function of a biofilm

protects bacteria from antibiotics and host defenses

the hairlike structures on outside of bacteria is what and made out of what

pili and pilin

viruses are

obligate intracellular parasites

retroviruses refers to

virus ability to synthesize DNA from RNA

what pathogen contains capsid or envelope

virus

virus genome can be

DNA or RNA; DNA can be ds or ss

outer layer of vision is

capsid or envelope

what is budding

when virus gains envelope by taking regions of host cell membrane

what pathogen is both unicellular or multicellular

fungi

yeast or molds are considered

fungi

yeast defined as

cells that reproduce by budding or by fission

hat is budding fission

when mother cell pinches off position of itself to make daughter cell

what is hyphae

multicellular organisms consisting of threadlike tubular structures

protests or protozoa are

simple microorganisms

how to protists or protozoa reproduce

by binary fission

haemophilius influenzae

pneumonia, meningitis, epiglottitis

common virulence factors of enterobacteriaecae

endotoxin, capsule, type 3 secretion

campylobacter causes

gasteroentrisis and gullian barre syndrome

MIDTERM REVIEW Flashcards

(83 cards)