Midterm Review

Question 1

absorption

Answer 1

movement of a drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream

this is influenced by route, blood flow to absorption area, ability of medication to be absorbed, and conditions at the absorption site

Question 2

ac

Answer 2

ante cibum - before meals

Question 3

action

Answer 3

how the drug provides therapeutic results in the body, or the use of the drug

Question 4

addiction

Answer 4

disease that occurs when a person cannot stop or limit the use of a drug, even after negative consequences have been experienced

Question 5

adverse reactions

Answer 5

AKA side effects

describes known undesirable experiences associated with medication; it may be divided in severe, moderate, and mild

Question 6

Allis tissue forceps

Answer 6

• available in different lengths and jaw widths
• used to grasp tissue, muscle, or skin surrounding a wound

Question 7

antagonism

Answer 7

interaction between chemicals or therapeutic agents, in which one substance partially or completely inhibits or counteracts the effect of the other

In short: substance that stops the action or effect of another substance.

Question 8

anticoagulant

Answer 8

substances that prevent clotting of blood

Question 9

bid

Answer 9

two times a day

Question 10

biological half-life

Answer 10

time it takes half of the drug to be metabolized or eliminated by normal biologic processes

Question 11

Broselow Tape

What it is and how it is used

Answer 11

colored tape to measure a child/infant from the top of the head to the heel

tape lists common medication dosages and emergency equipment sizes that should be used for that child’s size

this speeds up the response time for treating children in emergencies

Question 12

centrifuge

How we load it and what it does

Answer 12

an instrument to separate solids from liquids

it needs to be balances so therefore an even number of tubes at all time

Question 13

CLIA

What it is, types of categories, and where these types of tests are performed

Answer 13

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments - established quality standards for all clinical lab testing

Categories include waived tests (home tests), moderate complexity tests and high complexity tests (done by a qualified personnel at a hospital or reference lab)

Question 14

contraindications

Answer 14

reasons or conditions that make administration of the drug improper or undesirable

Question 15

culture & sensitivity

Answer 15

procedure in which a specimen is cultured on microbiologic media to detect bacterial or fungal growth, which is followed by screening for antibiotic sensitivity

this is performed in the microbiology department of a referral laboratory

Question 16

dependence

Answer 16

when you need one or more drugs to function

Question 17

disinfection

Answer 17

process of killing pathogenic organisms or rendering them inactive

Question 18

distribution

Answer 18

movement of absorbed drug from the blood to the body tissues

Question 19

duration

Answer 19

the length of time that particular drug is effective (according to Google)

Question 20

duty of care

Answer 20

healthcare professional’s legal obligation to the patient

comes from provider-patient relationship

Question 21

emergency care

Answer 21

Hospital services necessary to prevent the death or serious impairment of the health of the recipient.

Question 22

excretion

Answer 22

metabolites excreted from body; most drugs are excreted through the large intestines and kidneys

large intestines excretes undigested products in the stool

kidneys excrete in urine

also in breast milk

Question 23

F.A.S.T

Answer 23

way to spot a stroke

Face drooping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time to call 911

Question 24

indications

Answer 24

conditions or diseases for which the drug is used

Question 25

interaction

Answer 25

products that either increase or decrease the medication levels in the blood.

Question 26

metabolism

Answer 26

series of chemical processes whereby enzymes change drugs in the body

Question 27

MI What it is, signs & symptoms

Answer 27

Myocardial Infarction Heart attack coronary arteries blocked by clot or narrowed from plaque pain, heart burn, cold sweats, chest pain (angina pectoris), shortness of breath, arrhythmia, light headedness

Question 28

MSDS

Answer 28

Material Safety Data Sheets

Question 29

peak

Answer 29

time it takes for the drug to reach its greatest effective concentration in the blood

Question 30

po

Answer 30

by mouth

Question 31

potentiation

Answer 31

A type of synergism; one drug increases the effect of the second drug.

Question 32

precautions

Answer 32

Preventative steps needed to be taken by healthcare team members and staff at healthcare facilities to prevent the spread of infections.

Question 33

preservative

Answer 33

substances added to a specimen to prevent the deterioration of cells or chemicals

Question 34

qid

Answer 34

four times a day

Question 35

reagent

Answer 35

substance for use in a chemical reaction

Question 36

sanitization

Answer 36

cleansing process that removes organic material and reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level should be done immediately after use

Question 37

side effects

Answer 37

unpleasant effects of a drug in addition to desired or therapeutic effect

Question 38

splinter forceps

Answer 38

fine tip for foreign object removal

Question 39

standard of care

Answer 39

level and type of care an ordinary, prudent healthcare professional with same training and experience in a similar practice would have provided under a similar situation

Question 40

sterilization

Answer 40

the process of making something free from bacteria or other living microorganisms

Question 41

tenaculum forceps

Answer 41

sharp, pointed tips used to hold tissue while a tissue specimen is being obtained or to lift cervix so fornix can be seen

Question 42

thumb forceps

Answer 42

AKA dressing forceps, 4-12'' in length varying types of serrated jaws - NO TEETH used to insert packing into or remove objects from deep cavities

Question 43

tid

Answer 43

3 times a day

Question 44

tolerance

Answer 44

state in which body becomes accustomed to ingested substances therefore the user requires greater amounts to create the desired effect

Question 45

toothed tissue forceps

Answer 45

4-18'' in length, pincher grip used to grab tissue, muscle, or skin surrounding a wound

Question 46

urinalysis

Answer 46

physical, chemical, and microscopical examination of urine color, clarity, and specific gravity noted

Question 47

uterine curette

Answer 47

hollow and spoon shaped, used for scraping used to remove polyps, secretions, and bits of placental tissue

Question 48

VIS What it is and what it is used for

Answer 48

created by the CDC - vaccine information sheet provides information on benefits and risks of vaccine, displayed on computer or laminated sheet

Question 49

allergy testing patient preparation

Answer 49

stop long-acting antihistamines for 5-days before testing stop all OTC cold, sleep, and allergy meds, prescribed allergy medication, and specific acid reflux meds 3-days before the test

Question 50

anaphylaxis and how it is treated in the ambulatory care setting

Answer 50

severe allergic reaction that can be life threatening - give epinephrine; stay with the patient; monitor airway, breathing, pulse; patient lies flat and raises feet 12''; and if a bee sting, scrape stinger because squeezing can release venom

Question 51

animals that carry rabies

Answer 51

raccoons, skunks, bats, woodchucks (groundhogs), foxes, coyotes, cattle, cats, dogs

Question 52

autoclave process

Question 53

how are drugs excreted through the body?

Answer 53

most are through large intestines and kidneys; also breastmilk

Question 54

how do you care for a patient that has a musculoskeletal emergency?

Answer 54

apply pressure to wound immobilize injured area apply cold pack to limit swelling if shock, lie person down with head slightly lower than abdomen and elevate legs

Question 55

clinical laboratories and types of tests performed

Answer 55

physician office laboratories --> urinalysis, hematology, chemistry, and microbiology

Question 56

common specimen types

Answer 56

blood, urine, swab from wounds or mucous membranes less frequent = feces, gastric contents, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue samples, semen, aspirate

Question 57

controlled substances - procedures

Question 58

drug action - depressing - destroying - replacing substances - stimulating

Answer 58

depressing: slows down cells activity destroying: kills cells or disrupts parts of cells replacing substances: substances required by body given as meds (ex: insulin) stimulating: increases cells activity

Question 59

drug classifications

Answer 59

how drugs are grouped

Question 60

drug usages - health maintenance - palliative - prevention - treatment

Answer 60

health maintenance: meds used to maintain or enhance health (vitamins/minerals) palliative: drugs that DO NOT cure or treat, but improve quality of life (morphine) prevention: drugs used to prevent disease (vaccine) treatment: drugs that relieve symptoms while body fights off the disease (acetaminophen brings down fever)

Question 61

epistaxis and ways to control it

Answer 61

nosebleed sit upright and lean forward, pinch nostrils until bleeding stops

Question 62

factors that have an effect of drugs... - action - rate of absorption

Answer 62

action: therapeutic effects (intended action), adverse reactions rate of absorption: route, blood flow to absorption area, ability of medication to be absorbed, conditions at site of absorption

Question 63

how do you care for a patient that has diabetic ketoacidosis or insulin shock?

Answer 63

diabetic ketoacidosis: call 911 and get help, monitor airway and pulse. perform CPR as needed. IV fluids, insulin, and monitoring insulin shock: take blood glucose; if conscious and can swallow, give 4oz juice or regular soda, or 3 glucose tablets. Test every 15 minutes. If <70, give additional. unconscious >> recovery position and 911. monitor airway and pulse. 1mL glucagon, subcu pr IM

Question 64

information that is placed on specimen labels

Answer 64

Must be printed in marker or ink, must include patient's: -name -date -time of collections -and the type of specimen

Question 65

injection angles - ID - IM - Subcut

Answer 65

ID: 10-15 degrees IM: 90 degrees Subcut: 45 degrees

Question 66

instrument sterilization procedures

Answer 66

-Decontaminate -Clean -Disinfect -Lubricate -Sort -Reassemble -Wrap -Sterilize -Store properly

Question 67

instrument types, handling, & locking mechanisms

Question 68

reasons for parenteral medication administration

Answer 68

faster acting because goes directly into bloodstream

Question 69

medication administration routes

Answer 69

oral, sublingual and buccal, transdermal, inhalation, topical (vaginal, rectal, nasal, ocular, otic), irrigation, parenteral

Question 70

national fire protection association identification system

Answer 70

hazard diamond (top is red for flammability, left is blue for inhalants, bottom is white for PPE, right is yellow for reactivity or stability hazard)

Question 71

needle and syringe size for injections - ID - IM - Subcut

Answer 71

ID: 1/4 - 5/8", 25-27 gauge, 1mL IM: 5/8-1-1/2'', 22-25 gauge, 3mL Subcut: 5/8" with 45 degree angle, 25 gauge, 3mL

Question 72

Nine rules of medication administration

Answer 72

Maybe Dogs Really Talk, PETs Truly Do Medication, Dose, Route, Time (completed when preparing med) Patient, Education, To refuse, Technique (completed with patient prior to administration) Documentation (done after giving medication)

Question 73

parts of a needle and syringe

Answer 73

Syringe - Plunger - Barrel - Plain Tip Needle - Hub - Shaft - Lumen - Bevel

Question 74

parts of the prescription

Answer 74

-Name of patient -name of medication -Diagnosis -Strength -Route of medication -Form of medication -Refills -Directions for patient -Quantity -date -days supply

Question 75

poisoning - signs and symptoms

Answer 75

bluish lips, cough, difficulty breathing, heart palpitations, chest pain, confusion, dizziness, double vision, drowsiness, irritability, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, numbness, tingling, seizures, unconsciousness, stupor, weakness, unusual odor

Question 76

procedures for CPR

Answer 76

-Call 911 or ask someone else to. -Lay the person on their back and open their airway. -Check for breathing. If they are not breathing, start CPR. -Perform 30 chest compressions. -Perform two rescue breaths. -Repeat until an ambulance or automated external defibrillator (AED) arrives.

Question 77

skin preparation for surgical procedures

Answer 77

1) wash hands or use hand sanitizer 2) greet patient, Identify yourself, Verify Pt Identity, explain procedure, answer any questions the pt may have on the procedure 3) ask patient to remove any clothing that might interfere with exposure of the site and provide a gown if needed. 4) Assist the patient into the proper position for site exposure. provide a drape if necessary 5) expose the site, use a light if necessary 6) if hair is present, the area may need to be shaved. Put on gloves and shave the required area with electric clippers 7) While wearing gloves, open the skin prep pack and add the soap to the 2 bowls 8) start at the incision site and begin washing with the soap on a gauze sponge in a circular motion to outside drags contaminants away from the incision site 9) after complete wipe, discard the sponge and begin again with a new sponge soaked in the antiseptic solution 10) repeat the process using sufficient friction for 5 mins 11) rinse the area with sterile normal saline solution 12) dry the area, using the same circular technique with dry sponges 13) paint on the antiseptic with the cotton tipped applicators 14) place a sterile drape and/or towel over the area 15) answer all the pt's questions to relieve anxiety about the upcoming surgical procedure 16) document completion of the skin prep in pt's health record

Question 78

specimen collection - how to handle, which can be at room temperature and when to chill

Question 79

sterile field - procedures

Answer 79

1)make sure stand/countertop is dust free and clean. If not disinfect and allow to air dry 2)wash or sanitize hands and make sure they dry 3)Gather supplies, check label of ordered solution, check solution name and the expiration date 4)If using an autoclaved pack, check the indicator tape for a color change 5)Open the outside cover 6)open the outermost flap. Next open the 1st flap away from you 7)open the 2nd corner, pulling to the side 8) be careful to lift the flaps by touching only the small, folded-black tab and without touching or crossing over the inner surface of the pack or its contents. Open remaining 2 corners of the pack 9)you have a sterile drape as a sterile field 10) open a package containing sterile transfer forceps. Using sterile technique, handle the sterile forceps by the ring handle only. Always point the forceps tips down 11)grasp an item on the sterile field with the sterile forceps 12) set forceps aside after 1 time use 13) check label of ordered solution 14) check label of ordered solution again 15) lift the lid of the bottle straight up and then slightly to one side; hold the lid in your nondominant hand facing downward 16)Pour away from the label without allowing any part of the bottle to touch the bowl and without crossing over the sterile field 17)tilt the bottle up to stop the pouring while it is still over the bowl 19) check the label of the solution for the 3rd time

Question 80

suture scissors - describe how they look

Answer 80

blade as bleak or hook to slide under sutures

Question 81

temperature for laboratory incubators

Answer 81

95-98.6 degrees F

Question 82

types of burns and what layer of skin is affected

Answer 82

First-degree (superficial): epidermis Second-degree (partial-thickness): Epidermis and part of the dermis Third-degree (full-thickness): Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue Fourth-degree (deep full-thickness): Beyond subcutaneous tissue into muscle and bone

Question 83

types of medication forms - liquid - solid - semi-solid

Answer 83

solid + semi-solid: commonly prescribed and found OTC liquid + semi-solid: various uses. swallowed, rubbed on skin, instilled in nose, eyes, and ears liquid: taken by children, older adults, and those with swallowing problems (mixed with water, alcohol, or both; if active med dissolves = solution, if active med doesn't dissolve = suspension)