Midterm review

Question 1

Happiness (Happy)

Answer 1

community, family, friends, determined 50% by genetics, 10% by job, social status/circumstances, 40% by intentional behaviors

Question 2

Flow (Happy)

Answer 2

when nothing else matters, complete fulfillment, never want the moment to end when you are in the zone and only focused on that activity you are happy

Question 3

Happiness as a skill or activity (Happy)

Answer 3

activities that bring you happiness such as mindfulness, exercise/sports, volunteering

Question 4

Community (Happy)

Answer 4

strong and supportive family and friends

Question 5

“I make you be happy.”

Answer 5

part of Socrates speech when he was defending himself from the charges, Socrates helps the people of Athens move towards happiness through his wisdom

Question 6

Socrates (Apology)

Answer 6

Greek philosopher and his work is only known through what others wrote about him

Question 7

Plato (Apology)

Answer 7

student of Socrates, wrote a series of dialogues that features Socrates and describes Socrates, known for irony

Question 8

The God’s work (God of Delphi)

Answer 8

“no one is wiser than Socrates”, tries to prove God wrong but proves kind of right

Question 9

Old accusations against Socrates

Answer 9

“makes the worse argument the stronger”, sophistry – argue even if they are wrong, charge money for what he was saying but he wasn’t demanding money

Question 10

New accusations against Socrates

Answer 10

blaspheming and corrupting the youth

Question 11

Wisdom (Apology)

Answer 11

Not knowledge or facts, but life experiences; Socrates believes he is the wisest person

Question 12

Socrates’ project and the greatest good (Apology)

Answer 12

encouraging people to attend the state of their soul and seek wisdom and truth; seek excellence 1st over wealth, as ordered by the God

Question 13

Goods and ends (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 13

Every craft and every investigation, and likewise every action and decision, seems to aim at some good, hence the good has been well described as that two which everything aims; when the end is a product of the activity the product is the higher good

Question 14

The highest good (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 14

would be pursed by itself and not ordered by other goods

Question 15

Happiness (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 15

Activity of the soul expressing virtue , “Happiness, then, is apparently something complete and self-sufficient, since it is the end of the things pursued in action.”; “activity of the soul expressing virtue”

Question 16

The good of human beings (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 16

functioning as a human beings; human good is the good functioning of the rational soul, or the life of virtue

Question 17

The human soul (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 17

parts of the soul, rational(thought), non-rational – responds to reason (apprtites, desires), non-rational – does now respond to reason(biological functions)

Question 18

Political Science (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 18

highest of the science (Aristotle)

Question 19

Ethics (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 19

less God focused more for society; moral obligations

Question 20

Virtue (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 20

of thought, deal with rational parts of soul; of character, deal with non-rational part that responds to reason acquired through habituations; defined – a state that decides which is a mean relative to us defined by reason by reason between excess and deficit

Question 21

Pleasure (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 21

good but not good in itself, do it to be happy

Question 22

External goods (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 22

(wealth, beauty, honor) can mar or decrease happiness even prevent it, but not grant it (1100a5); (Things can even happen to you after you’re dead that can make you less happy)

Question 23

Moderation (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 23

things are better in it, not too much or too little

Question 24

Feelings (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 24

(feeling anger, fear, etc.) not praiseworthy or blameworthy

Question 25

Capacities (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 25

(capable of anger, fear, etc.) not praiseworthy or blameworthy

Question 26

States (Nicomachean Ethics)

Answer 26

(how angry/fearful we are) this is virtue

Question 27

Augustine (Confessions)

Answer 27

studied in Carthage for rhetoric at 17 by the generosity of community, taught rhetoric after; turned toward Christianity by his mother and Ambrose of Milan; became a Christian in 367/378, ordained a priest, and made a Bishop of Hippo (395)

Question 28

Adeodatus (Confessions)

Answer 28

son of Augustine

Question 29

Alypius (Confessions)

Answer 29

able to reject his attachments and accept God; Augustine’s friend

Question 30

Monica (Confessions)

Answer 30

Augustine’s mom, strong Christian, wanted him to convert to Christianity

Question 31

Ambrose (Confessions)

Answer 31

Saint Ambrose of Milan – helped Augustine convert to Christianity

Question 32

Sin (Confessions)

Answer 32

acting against God’s will, foolish rebellion against God

Question 33

Pears (Confessions)

Answer 33

he stole the pears for the attraction of it even though he had other pears at home; The act itself is attractive, especially in company; The outcome (pears) is not what is sought

Question 34

Original Sin (Confessions)

Answer 34

human tendency to defy God; wounds human nature

Question 35

Baby Sin (Confessions)

Answer 35

infants “punish”(crying) people for not granting their every wish and infant behavior is tolerated because they cannot act on it

Question 36

Evil - Manichean answer (Confessions)

Answer 36

a substance like the substance of the good, a powerful evil being; privation of the good

Question 37

The death of a friend (Confessions)

Answer 37

his friend gets a deathbed baptism, recovers enough to talk to Augustine then dies; he does meditation of grief and friendship

Question 38

A drunk beggar (Confessions)

Answer 38

Augustine sees a drunk beggar while delivering a speech as he is experiencing anxiety, the beggar does not have true joy but is care free

Question 39

Continence (Confessions)

Answer 39

the practice of having self control when it comes to sex; celibacy

Question 40

Two wills (Confessions)

Answer 40

Augustine’s desire to continue living as he is and to be a Christian and embrace continence

Question 41

Victorinus (Confessions)

Answer 41

conversion of the prominent teacher of rhetoric

Question 42

Ponticianus (Confessions)

Answer 42

antony the monk, him and his friends in Ambrose’s garden

Question 43

Antony (Confessions)

Answer 43

St. Antony of Desert an exemplary model of self-denial

Question 44

"take up and read" (Confessions)

Answer 44

what Augustine hears in the garden, he takes it as a divine command, he gets the closest book to him and reads it, he finally is able to reject all of his attachments and accept God

Question 45

Memory (Confessions)

Answer 45

the confessions may edify those who read them; he now loves God, that transcends his own soul