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Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibialis anterior
EHL
EDL
deep fibular nerve
Tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Anterior tibial artery and vein

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2
Q

what structures are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibialis posterior
FDL
FHL
popliteus
tibial nerve

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3
Q

what structures are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

gractrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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4
Q

what structures are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
Fibularis tertius
Superficial fibular nerve

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5
Q

what are the tom dick harry muscles?

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

(all are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg)

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6
Q

acute/subacute/chronic timeframes and symptoms

A

acute: 0-4 days
Red, inflamed, heat, spasm, guarding, bruising, reduced ROM

subacute: 4 days - 3 weeks
Less inflammation, bruise yellow, decreased ROM, weakness, pocket edema, adhesions

chronic: 3 weeks +
Inflammation and swelling likely gone (chronic inflammation possible), decreased ROM, weakness, adhesions, trigger points

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7
Q

what movements make up supination of the foot?

A

Inversion, adduction , plantarflexion

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8
Q

what movements make up pronation of the foot?

A

Abduction, dorsiflexion, eversion

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9
Q

Borders of femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament (superior)
Adductor Longus (medial)
Sartorius (lateral)

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10
Q

What’s inside the femoral triangle? (Lateral to medial)

A

VAN is medial to lateral so

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

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11
Q

What makes up the terrible and oh so angry triad?

A

Medial meniscus, MCL, ACL

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12
Q

Largest joint in the body?

A

Tibiofemoral

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13
Q

Knee joint made up of what two primary articulations?

A

Tibiofemoral joint
Patellofemoral joint

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14
Q

What function does the patella have?

A

Protect knee from direct trauma

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15
Q

Normal end feel for knee extension with and without hip flexed?

A

With hip flexed: soft tissue stretch (from hamstrings)
Without hip flexed: firm tissue stretch

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16
Q

Normal end feel for knee flexion?

A

Soft tissue approximation
Tissue stretch

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17
Q

ACL - full name and where does it attach?

A

anterior crucial ligament attaches anterior tibia and posterior femur

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18
Q

PCL - full name and where it attaches

A

posterior cruciate ligament attached posterior tibia and anterior femur

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19
Q

MCL - full name and attachments

A

Medial collateral ligaments attaches to medial femur, medial meniscus, medial tibia (under pes anserinus tendon)

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20
Q

LCL - full name and attachment sites

A

Lateral collateral ligament attaches lateral femur to head of fibula

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21
Q

ACL injury would result in what muscles being hypertonic?

A

Hamstrings

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22
Q

PCL injury would result in what muscles being hypertonic?

A

Quads

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23
Q

LCL injury would result in what muscles being hypertonic?

A

Abductors, TFL, glute max

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24
Q

8 pulse points

A

Temporal artery - lateral to eye
Common carotid artery - lateral to larynx
Brachial artery - medial side of biceps brachii
Radial artery - at wrist
Femoral artery - inferior to inguinal ligament
Popliteal artery - behind knee
Posterior tibial artery - posterior to medial malleolus
Dorsalis pedis artery - top of foot superior to instep

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25
Deltoid ligament made up of what ligaments (tibio-town)
Anterior TIBIOtalar Posterior TIBIOtalar TIBIOnavicular TIBIOcalcaneal
26
What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle? (-fibular)
Anterior taloFIBULAR (*most common lateral sprain) Posterior taloFIBULAR CalcaneoFIBULAR
27
What is the spring ligament?
Plantar calncaneonavicular - stabilizes the medial longitudinal arch
28
What six things pass through tarsal tunnel?
Anterior to posterior: tendons of TOM, DICK, HARRY Tibial nerve Posterior tibial artery and vein
29
What muscle tendon make up pes anserinus tendon?
GST - Gracilis, Sartorius, Semitendinosus
30
Longest muscle in body
Sartorius
31
C1 also known as
Atlas
32
C2 also known as
Axis
33
What is the defining structure of the axis?
Odontoid process or “dens”
34
What is the ALL and where is it and what does it do?
Anterior longitudinal ligament runs down anterior spine and limits extension
35
What is the PLL , where is it, what does it do?
Posterior longitudinal ligament runs down posterior spine and limits flexion, distraction and protects from disc herniation
36
5 cervical endangerment sites
Anterior triangle Posterior triangle Inferior to ear Axilla Medial brachium
37
What borders the anterior triangle of the neck? And what’s inside it?
SCM, mandible, trachea Carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve, lymph nodes
38
What borders posterior triangle of neck and what’s inside?
SCM, trapezius, clavicle Brachial plexus nerve roots, subclavian artery, jugular vein, lymph nodes
39
Whats in the endangerment site inferior to the ear?
External carotid artery Facial nerve
40
What’s in the axilla endangerment site?
Brachial plexus nerves, axillary artery, bascilic vein, lymph nodes
41
What’s in the medial brachium endangerment site?
Between biceps and triceps on upper inner arm… Ulnar, median, musculocutaneous nerves, brachial artery, bascilic vein, lymph nodes
42
Explain concave convex rule
If the moving joint surface is CONVEX, sliding is in the OPPOSITE direction of angular movement of the bone If the moving joint surface is CONCAVE, sliding is in the SAME direction of angular movement of the bone
43
Name some principles of joint play
- client relaxed, no guarding - good positioning for therapist to maintain longer holds - mobilize distal on proximal surface - move slowly - do not perform when joint is fully approximated - perform at -10 degrees of point of restriction - 1 joint, 1 direction at a time - don’t do if pain, watch for client comfort - assessments are done in resting position - joint is in a stabilized position - do not lever joint - ROM increased opposite to direction of play if convex on concave
44
Close packed position of ankle
Full dorsiflexion
45
Close packed position of knee
Full extension (and lateral rotation?)
46
Type of joint: ankle
Synovial hinge, convex on concave (opposite roll and glide direction)
47
Ankle capsular pattern
Plantarflexion more restricted than dorsiflexion
48
Resting position of ankle
10 degrees plantar flexion
49
Joint type: knee
Synovial modified hinge, concave on convex (same direction)
50
Knee resting position
25 degrees of flexion
51
What joint play would you use to increase flexion of the knee?
Posterior glide of tibia on femur
52
What joint play would you use to increase extension of the knee?
Anterior glide of tibia on femur
53
Joint play to increase plantar flexion?
Anterior glide of talus via calcaneus
54
Joint play to increase dorsiflexion?
Posterior glide of talus via calcaneus
55
Joint play to increase overall ROM of ankle ?
Distraction of talus on tibia and fibula
56
What does joint play involve and what do it do?
Rocking, shaking, and traction Increases successive action in joint Increases overall ROM
57
4 types of TOS
1 - true TOS (extra cervical rib) 2 - anterior scalene syndrome (brachial plexus -often ulnar nerve- compressed between anterior and middle scalene 3 - costoclavicular syndrome (vascular and nerve compression between clavicle and first rib) 4 - Pectoralis minor syndrome (vascular and nerve compression between pec minor and rib cage)
58
3 types of prepatellar bursitis
Acute, chronic infected, chronic non-septic
59
WAD stands for…
Whiplash associated disorder
60
Why do we use diaphragmatic breathing?
Encourages relaxation, calms nervous system, pain reduction
61
Why do we use lymphatic drainage?
Promotes fluid movement, decrease swelling, clear congestion in lymphatic system
62
Why do we use golgi tendon release?
Allows muscles to relax and lengthen (works by activating nerve receptors that protect muscles when excess load is placed on it) Used on long tendons (Achilles, hamstrings)
63
Why do we use O & I
A variation of GTO used on short tendons (infraspinatus, SCM) Reduces muscle tone and spasm
64
Why do we use cross fibre frictions? What is important to follow it with?
Breaks down adhesion in muscles, tendons, and ligaments Increases collagen production to help repair ligaments Used in subacute and chronic stages only Creates inflammation so follow with ice and stretch
65
Why do we use myofacial release?
Reduce adhesions in connective tissue Increase circulation Reduce pain
66
Why do we perform joint mobilizations?
Increase synovial fluid in joint Relax muscles Increase successive action in joint
67
Why do we use deep stripping?
Increases elongation, elasticity, and pliability of muscle Decreases hypertonicity Inactivates trigger points
68
Ankle drawer test assesses…
Integrity of anterior talofibular ligament ( the one most commonly sprained with lateral ankle sprain)
69
Talar tilt test assesses for…
Integrity of calcaneofibular ligament ( one of the lateral ankle ligaments)
70
Squeeze test assesses for…
Syndesmosis ankle sprain
71
Morton’s test for..
Morton’s neuroma
72
Dorsiflexion- eversion test is for…
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
73
Tibialis posterior compression test assesses for…
Shin splints (medial tibial stress syndrome)
74
Homan’s sign test for
Deep vein thrombosis
75
Thompson test for…
Achilles tendon rupture
76
Two tests for achilles tendon rupture:
Thompson test and achilles pinch test
77
Windlass test is for…
Plantar fasciitis
78
Anterior drawer test (knee) assesses …
Integrity of ACL
79
Posterior drawer test (knee) assesses…
Integrity of PCL
80
The sag sign or gravity drawer test assesses for
Integrity of PCL
81
The lachman test assesses for…
Integrity of ACL
82
To test integrity of MCL use the
Valgus stress test
83
To test the integrity of the LCL use the
Varus stress test
84
Two tests to assess possible ITB friction syndrome..
Ober test and noble compression test
85
Clarke’s sign assesses for possible…
Patellofemoral pain syndrome/dysfunction
86
What tests would you use to distinguish between meniscus damage vs collateral ligament damage? What if both are positive?
Apley’s compression tests for meniscus damage (medial meniscus with medial rotation and vise versa) Apley’s distraction to test for collateral ligament damage If both are positive, the ligaments are the culprit
87
What two cervical tests are done first?
Chin to chest Vertebral artery test
88
Chin to chest test looks for…
Possible fracture of odontoid process
89
Vertebral artery test assesses for…
Circulation deficiency of vertebral artery at transverse foramen
90
We do not do this test is vertebral artery test is positive
Spurlings
91
What do we always do after spurling’s test?
Distraction
92
What two tests do we use to check for cervical disc pathology or meningeal or dural irritation?
Slump test and dural test
93
4 tests to use for TOS
Adson maneuver, Allen test, military brace test, wright hyperabduction test
94
+ on the Wright test would indicate…
Pec minor TOS
95
+ on the military brace test would indicate…
Costoclavicular TOS
96
What two tests indicate for anterior scalene syndrome?
Adson maneuver and Allen test
97
4 Positional stages of spurling’s test
1 - neutral position, straight down 2 - partial extension 3 - partial extension and rotation to unaffected side 4 - partial extension and rotation to affected side
98
5 Stages of slump test
1 - slump forward with upper thoracic region 2 - head and neck fully flexed 3 - leg on affected side is extended at knee 4 - foot is dorsiflexed 5 - client slowly extends head
99
Positioning for military brace test
Shoulder down and back
100
Positioning for wright test
Arm into hyper abduction as far as possible (Taking a breath and rotating or extending neck may add to effect)
101
Positioning for Allen test
Flex elbow to 90 degrees Arm into horizontal extension and external rotation Rotates head to opposite side
102
Positioning for adson maneuver
Arm into extension and lateral rotation Turn head to affected side and tilt chin up Take deep breath and hold

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