Midterm Review

Question 1

What is OOP?

Answer 1

Object-Oriented Programming - organizes software design around objects

Question 2

What is abstraction?

Answer 2

Hiding the complex processes behind the program and only exposing what is necessary for the functionality of the user (ex. gas pedal in a car)

Question 3

Define a class

Answer 3

A blueprint for creating objects (defines a set of data and functions)

Question 4

Define an object

Answer 4

Is an instance of a class

Question 5

Define instantiation

Answer 5

The process of creating an actual instance (or object) from a class

Question 6

What is ADT?

Answer 6

Abstract Data Type - hides the internal details of the data structure and only provides the essential operations

Question 7

Member functions

Answer 7

Functions that are defined within a class and operate on the data of objects created in that class (AKA methods)

Question 8

Member variables

Answer 8

Variables define within a class

Question 9

Method

Answer 9

A function that is defined with a class and operates on the objects of that class (AKA member function)

Question 10

Access Specifiers

Answer 10

Control the visibility and accessibility of class members

Question 11

Global

Answer 11

Variable that are defined outside of all functions and have a global scope

Question 12

Inline

Answer 12

A small function that you tell the compiler to try to insert directly into the places where it’s called (instead of making a regular function call)

Question 13

Constructor

Answer 13

A special member function that is automatically called when an object of a class is created

Question 14

Destructor

Answer 14

A special member function that is automatically called when an object of a class is destroyed

Question 15

Static

Answer 15

Something that is fixed or unchanging

Question 16

Default Constructor

Answer 16

Initializes an object with no arguments

Question 17

Default Parameter

Answer 17

A value that is automatically assigned to a function parameter if no argument is provided

Question 18

Constructor Delegration

Answer 18

Allows for one constructor to call another constructor in the same class

Question 19

Accessor Method

Answer 19

A member function in a class that retrieves the value (AKA getter)

Question 20

Preprocessor Directive

Answer 20

A command that is processed by the preprocessor before the actual compilation of the code begins

Question 21

Iostream Header File

Answer 21

Part of the standard library and provides functionality for input and output operations

Question 22

Cin

Answer 22

Input for c++

Question 23

Cout

Answer 23

Output for c++

Question 24

Named Constants

Answer 24

Variables whose values are set at compile time and CANNOT be changed

Question 25

Iomanip & How to Format Output

Answer 25

Provides facilities for manipulating the format of input and output streams

Question 26

Class Declaration vs. Class Definition

Answer 26

A class declaration introduces the class name and its members. A class definition provides the complete details of the class, including the implementation of its member functions and the definitions of its member variables.

Question 27

. operator

Answer 27

Used to access members (attributes and methods) of an object or structure

Question 28

: operator

Answer 28

Used in class definitions to specify the base class and initialize it in the constructor of a derived class.

Question 29

:: operator

Answer 29

Used to define the scope of a class, namespace, or enumeration

Question 30

<< operator

Answer 30

Insertion operator (cout)

Question 31

>> operator

Answer 31

Extraction operator (cin)

Question 32

~ operator

Answer 32

Destructor operator

Question 33

?: operator

Answer 33

Ternary Conditional Operator

Question 34

, operator

Answer 34

Separator

Question 35

sizeof operator

Answer 35

Used to determine the size (in bytes) of a data type or an object

Question 36

-> operator

Answer 36

Used to access members of a class or structure through a pointer

Question 37

& operator

Answer 37

Address

Question 38

(type) operator

Answer 38

Type cast operator. It is used to convert a value from one type to another explicitly

Question 39

* operator

Answer 39

Dereferences a pointer

Question 40

What is the difference between syntax and semantics?

Answer 40

Syntax refers to the rules and structure that govern how code is written in a programming language. Semantics refers to the meaning or behavior associated with the syntactically correct statements in a programming language

Question 41

Source Code vs. Object Code

Answer 41

Source code is the human-readable set of instructions written in a programming language (like C++, Python, or Java). Object code is the machine-readable code generated from the source code after it has been compiled or assembled

Question 42

What is the role of the compiler?

Answer 42

Converts into machine code

Question 43

What is the role of the linker?

Answer 43

Combines various pieces of compiled code into a single executable program