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Midterm Review Flashcards

Midterm (88 cards)

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1
Q

Scientific Method

A

an organized set of investigation procedures

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2
Q

Hypothesis

A

A possible explanation for a problem using what you know and what you observe

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3
Q

Experiment

A

Testing the effect of one thing on another using controlled conditions

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4
Q

variable

A

A quantity that can have more than a single value

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5
Q

Dependent variable

A

the changes according to the changes of the independent variable

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6
Q

independent variable

A

the variable you change to see how it will affect the dependent variable

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7
Q

Constant

A

A factor that does not change when other variables change

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8
Q

Bias

A

occurs when what the scientist expects changes how the results are viewed

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9
Q

Model

A

represents an idea, event, or object to help people better understand it

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10
Q

Physical model

A

looks like the thing they represent

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11
Q

Mathematical model

A

Made up of mathematical equations and data

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12
Q

Conceptual models

A

systems of ideas or one based on making comparisons with familiar things to explain an idea

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13
Q

Theory

A

an explanation of things or events based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations

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14
Q

Law

A

A statement about what happens in nature and that seems to be true all the time

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15
Q

Celsius scale

A

boiling point is 100 celsius and freezing is 0

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16
Q

Standard

A

an exact quantity that people agree to use to compare measurements

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17
Q

SI standard

A

universally accepted and understood by scientists throughout the world

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18
Q

Dimensional analysis step 1

A

write down the given measurement you start with and the unit

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19
Q

Dimensions analysis step 2

A

Draw a horizontal and vertical line

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20
Q

Dimensional analysis step 3

A

write the unit you want to convert all the way to the left of the line

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21
Q

Dimensional analysis step 4

A

enter proper conversion factors

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22
Q

Dimensional analysis step 5

A

cancel units and do the math

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23
Q

Mass

A

a measurement of the quantity of matter in an object

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24
Q

Volume

A

amount of space occupied by an object

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25
Density
mass per unit of volume
26
Derived unit
A unit obtained by combining different SI units
27
Graph
a visual display of information or data
28
Motion
an object’s change in position relative to another object or reference point
29
Reference point
an object that appears to stay in place
30
Linear motion
Motion in a straight line
31
Oscillatory motion
the movement of an object along a curved path where the direction of motion is constantly changing
32
Rotary motion
the movement of an object in a circular path around a fixed axis, essentially spinning on its own axis
33
displacement
refers to how far out of place an object is
34
distance
refers to how much total ground an object has covered during its motion
35
scalar quantity
a volume measurement
36
vector quantity
a quantity having magnitude and direction
37
speed
distance / time
38
constant speed
if an object neither slows down or speeds up while in motion
39
average speed
the total distance divided by the total time of travel
40
instantaneous speed
The speed of an object travels at one instant or one point in time
41
velocity
speed in a given direction
42
momentum
mass x velocity
43
acceleration
rate of change of velocity
44
Circular motion
movement of an object along a circular path where it constantly changes direction while keeping a constant distance from a central point
45
centripetal acceleration
acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path
46
projectile motion
the curved path objects take as they accelerate through the air on Earth’s surface
47
force
a push or a pull
48
net force
the sum of all forces acting on an object
49
free-body diagrams
diagrams used to show the relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object in a given situation
50
tension force
ft
51
frictional force
ff
52
normal force
the force that prevents solid object from passing through each other
53
air resistance force
f air
54
applied force
f app
55
gravitational force
fg
56
electrical force
FE
57
magnetic force
fm
58
friction
the force that opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching each other
59
static friction
when a force is applied to an object but does not cause the object to move
60
sliding friction
opposes the motion of two sliding surfaces
61
rolling friction
occurs between the bottom of a wheel and the ground
62
coefficient of friction
generated friction
63
mu formula
friction / gravity
64
weight formula
mass x gravity
65
gravity
an attractive force between any two objects that depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them
66
field
a region of space that has a physical quantity, such as force at every point
67
newton’s first law
an object in motion stays in motion and an object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
68
inertia
the tendency of an object to resist change in motion
69
newton’s second law
states that the acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force of the object
70
newton’s third law
states that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second one exerts a force on the first that is equal in strength and in the opposite direction
71
free fall
describes the fall of an object on which only the force of gravity is acting
72
Air resistance
a friction-like force that opposes the motion of objects that move through the air
73
terminal velocity
the highest speed a falling object will reach
74
work
the force applied through a distance
75
power
the rate at which energy is transferred measured in watts
76
machine
a device that changes the force or increases the motion
77
simple machine
a machine that does work with only one movement of the machine
78
efficiency
a measure of how much of the work put into a machine is changed into useful output work
79
Mechanical advantage
the ratio of the output force to input forec
80
energy
the ability to do work
81
system
anything you can imagine a boundary around
82
forms of energy
electrical, chemical, radiant, thermal, nuclear sound
83
kinetic energy
the energy a moving object has because of its motion
84
potential energy
the stored energy of position possessed by an object
85
gravitational potential energy
energy due to gravitational forces between objects
86
chemical potential energy
energy stored due to chemical bonds
87
law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed
88
mechanical energy
the sum of kinetic and potential energy of the objects in a system

CPS (4 decks)

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