Midterm Review Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is Ethical Principle A
Beneficence Nonmaleficence: “Do No Harm”
-This safeguards the welfare and rights of those with whom they interact.
- It attempts to responsibly resolve conflicts with the code that avoids or minimizes harm.
-Guard and awareness of misuse of informations such as personal, financial, social, organizational, and political factors
What is Principle B
Fidelity and Responsibility:
- Establish trusting relationships with clients
- Clarify their roles and obligations
-Manage conflicts of interests
-Examples: Consult and refer, concern about their colleagues following ethical rules, having professional conduct.
What is Principle C
Integrity:
-Do not lie, cheat, steal, or use any intentional misrepresentation of fact.
-Manage necessary deception concerning the possible consequences, R/O alternatives.
What is Principle D
Justice!
-Make sure that services are of fair and equal quality
- Make sure that you operate within the biases and boundaries of your competency and if there are limitations to your expertise, it does not lead to unjust practice
Principle E
Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity:
-Respect privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination
-Do not knowingly participate or condone activities or behaviors of others based upon prejudices.
Remember! Culture, role differences including age, gender, race, origin, sexual orientation, disability, language, and SES
What is an Object?
-Perceiving people not as they are, but as we imagine them to be.
-This is a loved or hated person, thing, or fantasy
What is an Internal Object
-The mental representation of another person.
-Could be an image, idea, fantasy, feeling, or memory
External Object
- The actual person or thing
Partial Object Relations
a Highly distorted, polarized “all good” or “all bad” representation of others
Object Constancy
-Stable and accurate mental representation of the other
Whole Object Relations
Balanced and Integrated interaction with the world
Projection
-When a person attributes an unwanted aspect of self to another person
Incorporation
Psychological “eating” before the formation of clear self-other boundaries
(Think breast milk disappears into baby-mother symbiotic oneness)
Introjection
Occurs when the self and the object are more internally differentiated.
-Can be an object-image rather than merged with the self-image.
-Think the smell of pizza and beer triggers thoughts of your favorite sports team
Identification
Valued qualities of previously introjected object images are attributed to self-images
Splitting
Having ambivalence (having two feelings about the same thing) and having two different things at the same time and trying to sort them out.
Think of the mother whom the infant hates and wishes to destroy; it is the same mother he loves for taking care of him.
Mahler Stage: Normal Infantile Autism (0-2 Mos)
-Closed psychological system
-Stuck in a sleep-like state
- Mimics the insulation of the womb
-These months of life are like an extra trimester (swaddling, rocking, recreating the womb)
Mahler Stage: Symbiosis (2-6 Mos)
- Infant behaves as if both are part of one omnipotent system
-There is no distinction between myself or another system
-Everything is me!
Mahler Stage: Separation/Individuation: Hatching (6-10 Mos)
-Child develops a look of “alertness, persistence, and goal directness.” They also start to be more goal-directed and therefore orient their eyes or their face and their bodies in different ways
-Strains away to get a better look at mom
-Explores body parts of others
Mahler Stage: Separation/ Individuation: Practicing
- Delights in exercising new skills over and over (ex. patty-cake)
-Transitional object emerges (desire to see good mom and dad. There’s an intense need to hold on to the object, but they don’t want to lose the object)
-Orbits mom and returns for emotional refueling before resuming the repetitive new skills
Mahler Stage: Rapprochement (16-24 Mos)
- Increasing awareness of separateness
-Separateness becomes a part of the conflict
-Closeness or distance are more conflictual
-I think there’s this excitement and exuberance and independence. Then there’s this hitting a wall where there is fear of loss and having to manage those feelings.
Mahler Stage: Object Constancy
- Ability to sustain a positive image of mother even in her absence
-Phase is open-ended
-Before, the most significant danger was object loss. Now, it is the loss of the love of the object
-Sets up for adult relationships
Kohult’s view of psychopathology
- Self-object needs were like oxygen.
Disintegration Anxiety: Fear that one’s self will fragment in response to inadequate self object responses
Symptoms result from emergency attempts to restore/ maintain internal cohesion
The big point is that we need people to validate us at every stage of our lives.
Our identity is built and is a function of us in a world of others.
Idealizing vs. Mirror self object
Idealizing:
The Patient’s idealized image of parents that was rejected creates a search for someone to fit this unfulfilled image
Mirror:
Rejection of proud feelings of accomplishment, importance, and grandiosity creates a need for validation
-Horizontally splits into depressive position when repressed
-Vertically splits into insensitive and uncaring
