Midterm review

Question 1

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?

Answer 1

Rebirth of art and learning

Question 2

The study of classical texts caused humanists to focus on what?

Answer 2

Human potential and achievement

Question 3

For what is the Medici family famous?

Answer 3

Being a patron of the arts, collecting art

Question 4

What were Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More considered?

Answer 4

Christian humanists

Question 5

What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?

Answer 5

The Gutenberg bible

Question 6

In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the ideal known as the Renaissance Man?

Answer 6

He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist, and studied subjects

Question 7

Describe the practice of selling indulgences used by Catholic clergy during the Renaissance

Answer 7

Indulgences were a pardon that released sinners from performing penalties

Question 8

Who declared himself the head of the English Church?

Answer 8

King Henry VIII

Question 9

What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?

Answer 9

predestination and theocracy

Question 10

Who was the important Catholic Reformer who founded the Jesuit order?

Answer 10

Ignatius of Loyola

Question 11

What kind of person represented the ideal of the Renaissance man.?

Answer 11

Strove to master every area of study

Question 12

How did Italy’s location near Constantinople help it become the birthplace of the Renaissance?

Answer 12

Christian scholars fled to Rome and brought Greek manuscripts when Constantinople was conquered

Question 13

What was an important effect of the invention of the printing press?

Answer 13

Writers used vernacular, rise of literacy, and a desire for learning

Question 14

Why was block printing more useful in Europe than in China?

Answer 14

Europe had a smaller number of letters

Question 15

Identify 2 reasons for the Reformation?

Answer 15

Leaders challenged the pope’s authority, merchants resented taxes to the Church

Question 16

Identify 2 of Luther’s main beliefs?

Answer 16

All people of faith were equal, All church teachings were based on the bible

Question 17

What was the main reason for Henry VIII’s split with the Roman Catholic Church?

Answer 17

He needed a male heir

Question 18

What was agreed upon at the Council of Trent?

Answer 18

The church’s interpretation of the bible was final

Question 19

The Peace of Augsburg ended a war between supporters of which two groups?

Answer 19

The Protestants and Catholics

Question 20

Which idea of Luther’s most influenced John Calvin?

Answer 20

Humans cannot earn salvation through deeds or indulgences

Question 21

Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th century
sailing innovations?

Answer 21

Portugal

Question 22

Who were the first Europeans to arrive on Japanese soil

Answer 22

Portuguese sailors

Question 23

Why was the caravel an important development in navigation?

Answer 23

better maneuverability, large cargo, and could explore close to shore

Question 24

Korea was a vassal state of which country during the 1700s?

Answer 24

China

Question 25

During the 1500s, what was China’s official trade policy

Answer 25

Isolationism, only the government could trade between countries

Question 26

Why did Lord Macartney give a letter from King George III to Qian-long?

Answer 26

Great Britain wanted to increase trade with China

Question 27

Who captained the first European ship to sail around the tip of Africa, now known as the Cape of Good Hope?

Answer 27

Bartolomue Dias

Question 28

What did Hongwu do first to help China become a dominant power?

Answer 28

Driving the Mongols out of China

Question 29

What type of policy did Japan institute to control foreign ideas?

Answer 29

The Closed Country Policy

Question 30

What type of poetry presents images rather than expresses an idea?

Answer 30

Haikus

Question 31

What were European’s main motives for making voyages of exploration?

Answer 31

They wanted new sources of wealth, wanted goods from Asia, and wanted to spread Christianity

Question 32

Why was Zheng He important?

Answer 32

He led all 7 voyages of exploration and gained China tribute countries

Question 33

Why was the introduction of European firearms in Japan successful?

Answer 33

The Daimyo could defeat the samurai and castles were built to defend against cannons starting the build of cities

Question 34

What were China’s main reasons for rejecting British offers of trade?

Answer 34

Lord Macartney refused to kowtow and China did not need British goods

Question 35

How did Prince Henry of Portugal influence exploration?

Answer 35

He organized voyages of exploration and set up navigational schools which trained sailors

Question 36

Describe the attitude reflected by China’s Forbidden City and the way it was used?

Answer 36

The city's immensity and fame showed off their power and might. This intimidated people

Question 37

What major barrier hindered an effective centralized government in Japan?

Answer 37

The Daimyo still governed at a local level

Question 38

Why was Tokugawa Ieyasu upset by the success of Christian missionaries?

Answer 38

They scorned Japanese beliefs and involved themselves in politics

Question 39

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Portugal and Spain?

Answer 39

To stop their dispute over whose land was whose

Question 40

What two main reasons kept China from becoming highly industrialized?

Answer 40

The idea of commerce offended Confucian beliefs and taxes were high on manufacturing products

Question 41

What was the main economic activity in New France?

Answer 41

The fur trade

Question 42

Who conquered the Aztec empire?

Answer 42

Hernando Cortez

Question 43

Why did Europeans see Africans as a better a source of labor than Native Americans?

Answer 43

African had some immunity to diseases, Africans had experience in farming, they didn't know their way around the land, and their skin made it easier to spot.

Question 44

What was the purpose of most of the joint-stock companies of the 1500s and 1600s?

Answer 44

American Colonization

Question 45

Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first?

Answer 45

In the Caribbean

Question 46

What did the encomienda system provide for New Spain?

Answer 46

provided a source of labor

Question 47

What prompted a wave of new businesses and trade practices in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries?

Answer 47

New wealth from the Americas and an increase in overseas trade

Question 48

Which European country was the first to import enslaved Africans to the Americas?

Answer 48

Spain

Question 49

As part of the Columbian Exchange, what was carried west across the Atlantic?

Answer 49

food, plants, animals, and disease

Question 50

What area was originally founded as a settlement by the Dutch?

Answer 50

Manhattan Island and the Hudson waterways

Question 51

What helped to increase the slave trade in Africa during the seventh century?

Answer 51

The spread of Islam

Question 52

What aided the Spanish in conquering the Aztecs?

Answer 52

superior weaponry, European diseases, and the help of locals

Question 53

On what assumption was the encomienda system based?

Answer 53

That anyone on the land was property and was to be respected

Question 54

Why did the English want to take control of New Netherland?

Answer 54

They wanted to join their northern and southern colonies

Question 55

What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease?

Answer 55

A severe shortage of labor which caused Africans to be used instead

Question 56

How did slavery in African and Muslim societies differ from slavery in the Americas?

Answer 56

In African societies slaves had legal rights, could hold positions of power, and could legally escape their bondage

Question 57

What was one effect in Europe of the financial success of American colonies?

Answer 57

A growth in overseas trade prompted a rise of new businesses and trade practices

Question 58

How did Bartolemé de Las Casas affect race relations in the Americas?

Answer 58

Bartoleme said Africans were better slaves than natives and everyone started using Africans

Question 59

According to the policy of mercantilism, how could a nation increase its wealth?

Answer 59

export more than it imports

Question 60

How was Africa affected by the Atlantic slave trade?

Answer 60

It depleted the population by millions and modernized Africa with the European trading goods

Question 61

What concept was the belief in divine right used to support?

Answer 61

absolute monarchy

Question 62

Who was brought to England’s thrown following the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 62

William and Mary

Question 63

Who inherited the Austrian throne only after Charles VI had the other European powers sign an agreement declaring they would recognize the heir?

Answer 63

Maria Theresa

Question 64

During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, which group suffered the greatest loss of power?

Answer 64

The boyars

Question 65

What were some of Philip II.s accomplishments as king of Spain?

Answer 65

He seized the Portuguese kingdom, brought in incredible wealth from the America, and defended Catholicism

Question 66

What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France between 1562 and 1598?

Answer 66

conflict between Catholics and Huguenots

Question 67

What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France between 1562 and 1598?

Answer 67

conflict between Catholics and Huguenots

Question 68

What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France between 1562 and 1598?

Answer 68

conflict between Catholics and Huguenots

Question 69

What king became France’s most powerful ruler and boasted “I am the state?”

Answer 69

Louis XIV

Question 70

Why did Peter the Great build the city of St. Petersburg?

Answer 70

It provided a connection to Europe and allowed trade to occur between them

Question 71

European monarchs became absolute rulers in response to _____________?

Answer 71

Widespread unrest caused by conflicts caused rulers to impose order and increase power

Question 72

After the northern Dutch gained their freedom from Spain, what type of government did the United Provinces of the Netherlands establish?

Answer 72

A Republic

Question 73

What political purpose did the splendid palace at Versailles serve?

Answer 73

It made the nobility totally dependent on Louis and gave more power to the intendants

Question 74

What did the Restoration restore to power in England?

Answer 74

the Monarchy

Question 75

Which war resulted in the beginning of the modern state system in Europe?

Answer 75

30 Years' War

Question 76

What did Frederick the Great believe a ruler should be?

Answer 76

A ruler should be like a father to his people

Question 77

What was Peter the Great the first Russian ruler to make an effort to do?

Answer 77

Westernize Russia

Question 78

Identify the chronological order of the following events in English history: the Glorious Revolution, the Restoration, and the English Civil War

Answer 78

(1) English Civil War, (2) the Restoration, and (3) the Glorious Revolution

Question 79

How did the economy of central Europe differ from that of Western Europe?

Answer 79

In Western Europe, serfs gained freedom and developed cities, creating a middle class and greatly boosting the western countries' economies, but in Central serfs were not free and trade could not happen between them