midterm review

Question 1

Elevated metabolic rate is a symptom of hypersecretion of growth hormone.
(T/F)

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which cells in the anterior pituitary produce hormone and prolactin?

Answer 2

Acidophil cells

Question 3

You have (In addition to) many endocrine glands, but some organs produce hormones of their own. These endocrine tissues include which two organs?

Answer 3

Heart, Kidney

Question 4

Besides adult muscle and bone, what other major body organ is a major target for human growth hormone (HGH)?

Answer 4

Liver

Question 5

What are the two portions of the pituitary glands?

Answer 5

posterior and anterior (OR AKA) neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis

Question 6

There are two principal types of glands, one releases hormones directly to blood and the other releases hormones via ducts. Which is which?

Answer 6

Endocrine: releases hormones directly to blood

Exocrine: duct

Question 7

Calcitonin and parathyroid work against one another, which one increases blood calcium and which one decreases blood calcium?

Answer 7

Parathyroid increases blood calcium

Calcitonin decreases blood calcium

Question 8

Whenever someone hyposecretes growth hormone, this leads to a specific condition. There are two names for this condition; one for adults and one for children. What is this condition?
OR
Hypersecretion of growth hormone and the name of this condition is:

Answer 8

Adults: Acromegaly

Children: Gigantism

Question 9

The pituitary gland produces multiple hormones, in which lobe in the pituitary gland are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones stored?

Answer 9

Posterior

Question 10

Select all the tropic hormones that are produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Answer 10

Thyroid stimulating
Follicle stimulating 
Luteinizing
Adrenocorticotropic
Growth

Question 11

Hyposecretion of the hormone insulin or a deficiency of insulin in the body cells result in which condition?

Answer 11

Diabetes mellitus

Question 12

Which system works in conjunction with the endocrine system? (It helps maintain homeostasis).

Answer 12

Nervous system

Question 13

Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by thirst and excessive urine output. This is caused by hypersecretion of which hormone?

Answer 13

ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)

Question 14

Aldosterone decreases sodium excretion from the body to help conserve water.
(T/F)

Answer 14

True

Question 15

These two hormones work against each other. Insulin is going to do what to blood sugar levels, while glucagon is going to do what to blood sugar levels?

Answer 15

Insulin decreases blood sugar levels

Glucagon increases blood sugar levels

Question 16

Action potentials from the hypothalamic neurons cause the release of which hormone?

Answer 16

Oxytocin

Question 17

Which region of the brain is immediately associated with the pituitary gland and its hormones?

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

This type of gland is ductless and empties its hormones into the extracellular fluid in through which it enters through the blood.

Answer 18

Endocrine

Question 19

The anterior pituitary gland is referred to the master endocrine gland because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands.
(T/F)

Answer 19

True

Question 20

This gland is composed of two lobes and located in the neck just inferior to the larynx.

Answer 20

Parathyroid glands are situated in the neck and control the levels of calcium in the blood.

Question 21

The gonads are considered to be both endocrine and exocrine glands.
(T/F)

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Name the master gland.

Answer 22

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 23

Leukemia is a normal homeostatic response to sickness.

T/F

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Which formed element functions in homeostasis and clotting?

Answer 24

Thrombocyte

Question 25

What are the proteins that determine blood type?

Answer 25

Antigens, agglutinogens

Question 26

What is the name of the condition in which the blood exhibits a low carrying capacity?

Answer 26

Anemia

Question 27

Which blood types can receive type AB blood?

Answer 27

AB

Question 28

Which cells in the blood are involved with immunity and which cells in the blood are involved with gas transport?

Answer 28

Leukocytes (immunity) | Erythrocytes (gas transport)

Question 29

Which blood type is the universal blood recipient and which blood type is the universal blood donor?

Answer 29

Universal Blood Donor: O- | Universal Blood Recipient: AB+

Question 30

Type B blood can receive two types of blood. Which are they?

Answer 30

B and O

Question 31

The RH factor is based on the presence of which antigen?

Answer 31

D antigen

Question 32

What chemical is present in the granules of a basophil?

Answer 32

Histamine

Question 33

Name the formed elements of blood.

Answer 33

Leukocytes Erythrocytes Platelets

Question 34

What is the medication given to RH- mothers to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis?

Answer 34

RhoGam

Question 35

Which leukocytes attack parasitic worms and are involved in allergic reactions?

Answer 35

Eosinophils

Question 36

What is the main function of erythrocytes (RBC)?

Answer 36

To transport oxygen

Question 37

What is the most common white blood cell in the blood?

Answer 37

Neutrophil

Question 38

Antibodies determine a person's blood type. | T/F

Answer 38

False

Question 39

The RH factor gives the classification of positive or negative in a person's blood type. (T/F)

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Antibodies act against red blood cells carrying antigens that are not present on a person's own red blood cell. (T/F)

Answer 40

True

Question 41

The stage at the cardiac cycle during which the ventricles relax is called?

Answer 41

Diastole

Question 42

An abnormal heart sound that indicates a heart valve problem is called?

Answer 42

Murmur

Question 43

A normal human heart has an average heart rate of how many beats per minute?

Answer 43

75 bpm

Question 44

The alternating pressure that surges in an artery that occurs when the heart contracts and then relaxes is called a ___.

Answer 44

Pulse

Question 45

Define Auscultation:

Answer 45

Auscultation is the medical term for using a stethoscope to listen to the sounds inside of your body.

Question 46

This is defined as the sequence of events during which the atria and the ventricles will both contract then relax in one heartbeat.

Answer 46

Cardiac cycle

Question 47

The stage of the cardiac cycle during which the ventricles contract is called?

Answer 47

Systole

Question 48

Which valve would best be heart by placing the stethoscope on the top right corner?

Answer 48

Tricuspid valve

Question 49

High blood pressure is known as what condition?

Answer 49

Hypertension

Question 50

Lub is associated with the closing of which valves?

Answer 50

AV valves

Question 51

From the AV Node the impulse slowed to where?

Answer 51

AV bundle

Question 52

Low blood pressure is known as?

Answer 52

Hypotension

Question 53

Dub is the heart sound associated with the closing of which valve?

Answer 53

Semilunar

Question 54

Blood pressure is usually measured in the veins? | T/F

Answer 54

False, measured in arteries

Question 55

The SA Node is considered the pacemaker of the heart because it starts the impulse to contraction. (T/F)

Answer 55

True

Question 56

The atria is repolarized during which complex?

Answer 56

QRS

Question 57

The P-Wave represents what depolarization?

Answer 57

Atrial

Question 58

The left side of the heart blood will flow from the left atria to the valve through the left ventricle. What is the name of this valve?

Answer 58

Bicuspid or mitral valve

Question 59

The largest artery of the human body is called the ___.

Answer 59

Aorta

Question 60

What are the two chambers that are responsible for pumping the blood towards the body and towards the lungs?

Answer 60

Right and Left Ventricle

Question 61

The two chambers that pump blood out of the heart are called?

Answer 61

Right and Left Ventricle

Question 62

Which are the largest veins of the body?

Answer 62

Superior and Inferior vena cava

Question 63

The standard definition of an artery states that arteries carry blood ___ from the heart.

Answer 63

Away

Question 64

The veins carry blood _____ the heart.

Answer 64

Towards

Question 65

Regarding gas exchange, the arteries within pulmonary circulation carry what type of blood? Oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Answer 65

Deoxygenated

Question 66

In systemic circulation arteries carry oxygen-poor blood. | T/F

Answer 66

False

Question 67

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

Answer 67

Right side of the heart, Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 68

What is the function of the AV/Semilunar valves?

Answer 68

To prevent backflow of blood

Question 69

What is the muscular layer of the heart called?

Answer 69

Myocardium

Question 70

In pulmonary circulation veins carry oxygen rich blood. | T/F

Answer 70

True