Midterm Revision Flashcards
(27 cards)
Explain religious Syncretisim in Korea
Korean religions and philosophical influences form a variety of other countries.
Confusionism (neo-confusionism) from China
Buddhism from India
Christianity from Europe and the US
Shamanism from Siberia
What are some advantages and disadvantages of the religious syncretisim in Korea
advantages of the open receptions of other religious influense are Religious diversity and a high adaptive ability.
But it does create conflict, diversion and difficulty in wide Consensus
Explain Chinese Confusionisms influence in Korea thoughs and behaviours today
Confusious teaching influences ethical values, communal codes and humanity as the most important school of philosophical think in east Asia.
It answers questions like: what makes a human? What is most essential difference between good and bad? why do humans form a Community?
Explain The Mandate of Heaven
The Chinese emporer officially sponsored Confusionism. The Mandate of Heaven was a concepts used by the Chinese emporer as a form of legitimacy - Chinese used to see heaven as a good - the emporer claimed that heaven no longer spoke to ordinary men. It was a Divine source of authority given to the only son of china the emporer. Thus, justified the emperor authority (and superiority)
Confusionism main purpose?
To narrow the gap between ‘What human is’ and ‘what humans is supposed to be’
‘The never-changing standarm of human world/civilization (the civilised) and the men of the world must take responsibility for maintaining it and protecting it from wild nature (the uncivilised).
What are the five classics in Confusionism.
The five classics a are selection of holy texts decided by confusion scholars employed by the emporer. The names of them are: Book of Documents, Book of Odes, Spring and Fall, Book of Change and Book of Rites.
What does The Book Of Change (one of the five classics in confusionism) teach?
The book of Change is also the Book of Divination. Is purpose what to know what the mandate of heaven is. People mostly wanted to know out of personal reasons eg. to make business decisions, school choice etc. The Chinese wanted to know why things change. The two Diagrams became a big source for confusion doctrine
Explain the Concept Nature and natural energy.
- A philosophical debate on the cosmos and Chaos of the universe.
- mencius: human nature is Good
- Xunzi: Human nature is Bad
This a in a mode of change and are given natural energy.
Explain the formation of New text School
in 213 confusian text were destroyed by the emporer. When the text were recovered scholars restored them from memory - therefore are not exactly the original scriptures.
Explain the Formation of the Old school
After the recovery of the destroyed text and the formation of the New school some surviving copies of the classics were found by accident. And these were considered the more authentic versions of the text.
Explain what the concept of Li is in Neo-confusionism(the old text School
The absolute trusth of governing all things
Explain the main Difference between the New and Old school.
The new Text school focus on Divination. Confusious appears as a mysterious figure.
Old text school sees Confusious as a Teacher and focus on the need for education and Learning.
How did neo-confusionism take hold?
Influenced by buddism medeval philosophers in china began to imagine something universal/invisible beyond all sensible Phenomanon. Whithout the doctrine of a god, classical confusionism was losing its influense. Cheng brothers and Zhu xi created a new confucian metaphysis of explaining trusth
What are the two main philosophies in Korean mind?
Neo-Confusionism and biddhism
Explain the main difference between Confusionisms view of human nature and Buddha nature.
Buddhism: Knowing what it is -Salvation from the endless chain of suffering (not knowing)
Neo-Confucianism: Knowing what it is supposed to be - Growth and liberation from the inferior condition of not knowing
Neo Confucianists created a strict rule of universal principles ( 理 ) and by doing so they developed many behavior codes and ethics that everyone should follow without an exemption.
By contrast, Buddhists presented a different way of training one’s mind for religious salvation. Its concepts of mind and enlightenment constructed an inner space of individual escape from mundane duties and family ethics.
What are the four noble truths in buddhism?
Suffering, Origin, Ending and Path
What is the Eight Fold Path (to enlightenment) in Buddism
Right view, Right information, Right Speech, Right Action, Right livelihood, Right Effort, Right Concentration, right Mindfullness
Explain the difference between Neo-confusionism and Wang’s school of mind.
The Confusian schhol of Wang Yangming addopted the aspect of Buddhism of mind and enlightenment (early 16th century). “the fundamental condition of beings is beyond good and evil. One must understand Nature/Essense. Confusionisms ‘Moral Knowlegde’ vs. Wang’s “innate knowlegde’
Explain East Asian ‘Mahayana’ Buddhism.
New sect of Buddhism (after the death of Shakyamuni Buddha). Open adoption of Indian sutras and Hinduism gave birth to Mahayan Buddhism with east asian monks learned.
Worshipped many Buddhas and Boddhisattvas - from which there’s a big dependence=Total dependes on these would lead to the end of suffering.
Explain the Two path that has appeared in buddhism through history.
The path of Total Dependence (for Lay people) and the Path of self-salvation (for Monks)
Explain the appearance of Son/chan/zen(/meditation) Buddhism.
Seon Buddhism is a branch of Mahayana buddhism. Move from Worship to Practice base (path of self salvation - meditation.
We should practice certain routines to liberate ourselves from mistakes and misconception. “enlightenment cannot be achieved by reading holy words alone. One should achieve it by doing”
Explain the Two methods of Meditation buddhism.
1st. “chigwan”
2nd Sitting meditation
Explain the Jesuit missionary work.
The origin of Chritianity in Asia can be traced to one group. The Catholic autonomous group the Jesuits.
Explain the Jesuits efforts in japan
Francis Xavier First opened a church in Japan where the text were first translated to Japanese. Howver many Japanese misunderstood it as another form of Buddhism bc of some mistranslations.
