Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
True or false? Judaism was founded by Abraham
A
False-No particular founder
2
Q
True or false? King Solomon brought stability to the Hebrew nation.
A
False-King David
3
Q
True or false? The primary language of most people in the Roman empire was Greek.
A
True
4
Q
True or false? Romans were known to adjust their laws to fit some of the customs of conquered peoples in the provinces
A
True
5
Q
True or false? Christianity will be successfully spread due to the Roman system of roads.
A
True
6
Q
What is a covenant?
A
An agreement
7
Q
What is a prophet?
A
Messengers of God
8
Q
What is a messiah?
A
Savior chosen by God
9
Q
Who was Peter?
A
Considered the “first” pope
10
Q
Who was Constantine?
A
Edict of Milan; Nicene Creed
11
Q
Who was Paul?
A
Letter writer; considered the 2nd founder of Christianity
12
Q
Who was Moses?
A
Receives second covenant
13
Q
What were Gospels?
A
“Good news” mini-biographies of Jesus
14
Q
What is the Torah?
A
First 5 books of the Bible; most sacred to Jews; Handwritten
15
Q
What was Israel?
A
10 northern tribes
16
Q
What was Judah?
A
2 southern tribes
17
Q
The following ate true about the Jewish concept of monotheism except?
A
a transcendent God, he was part of nature, created rather than the creator
18
Q
The basic message of Jesus of Nazareth was that?
A
people should love God and love each other
19
Q
The key figure in the spread of Christianity outside the Jewish community was?
A
Paul of Tarsus
20
Q
The success of Christianity is widely believed by historians to have been due to its?
A
promise of salvation, its familiarity, and its universality
21
Q
True or false? The official language of Islam is Persian
A
False-Arabic
22
Q
True or false? Human forms are often depicted in Islamic religious art
A
False-Arabesque
23
Q
True or false? Women had fewer rights in Pre-Islamic Arabia than after the faith began
A
False-more
24
Q
True or false? The mongols killed the last caliph?
A
True
25
Who are the Ulama?
Ultra-conservative religious committee regulation the faith for the sultan/ruler
26
What does Dar-al-Islam mean?
World of Islam
27
What are Hadith?
words/practices/doctrine attributed to Muhammad; some better sourced than others
28
What is the Sharia?
body of Islamic law that regulated daily living
29
What is the Minaret?
tall, slender tower by a mosque; call to prayer
30
Who are the Umma?
community of the faithful
31
Who are the Dhimmi?
peoples of the book
32
What is Ramadan?
month of fasting from sunrise to sunset
33
The official calendar of Islam begins...
with the occurrence of the Hegira
34
According to Islamic belief...
Allah sent not his first but his final message through Muhammad
35
In addition to being Islam's sacred book, the Koran...
is a collection of 114 suras that provide the ethical foundation for life
36
Mecca is an important city because it...
is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka'ba
37
Initially the Meccans did not accept Muhammad's message because it...
threatened to replace Kaaba's gods and disrupt pilgrimages and commerce
38
"Islam" means...
"submission"
39
During the Abbasid caliphate, the Arabs lost their dominant influence in governmental affairs and intellectual achievements to the..
Persians
40
The greatest beneficiaries of the sustained urban prosperity during the rule of the Abbasids were the...
artisans, architects, and merchants
41
A primary contribution of Arab scholarship was the..
preservation and dissemination of the science and philosophies of ancient civilizations
42
What is NOT a true statement about Islamic art?
The arabesque patterns found on woven Islamic carpets are quite sparse, and leave many areas without any decoration
43
The theological and political faction that supported the Umayyad concept of succession within Islam were the...
Sunni
44
What was the movement within Islam that emphasized mysticism and charismatic worship?
Sufis
45
The issue that confronted Muslims following Muhammad's death, and the issue which eventually split Muslims into Shi'a and Sunni sects involved..
who was Muhammad's legitimate successor
46
What is heresy?
enemy of the church
47
What is an abbot?
head of a monastery
48
What is a tithe?
10% of one's yearly income; used to maintain church
49
What is vernacular?
everyday language of the people
50
What is a guild?
association of people working in the same craft
51
What is a fief?
grant of land
52
What is a serf?
peasant tied to the land
53
What is a lord?
granter of the land
54
Who was Henry IV?
Holy Roman Emperor associated with the lay investiture controversy
55
Who was John I?
Forced to sign the Magna Carta
56
Who was Hugh Capet?
First king of a unified France
57
Who was Henry II?
English king; created concepts of common law, grand and trial juries
58
The philosophy that mostly shaped the Middle Ages was..
scholasticism
59
During the Middle Ages, effective political and military power in Europe was...
local in nature with regional aristocrats holding the greatest influence
60
What was not true about the Hundred Years' War?
Traditional nobles fighting on horseback were the key to victory
61
The early 14th century was troubled by..
the Little Ice Age
62
What was NOT true about the lives of medieval peasants'?
Many became members of agricultural guilds
63
What is NOT true about medieval Christianity?
Papal authority had diminished by the 13th century
64
What is NOT true about medieval towns and cities?
They were food producing, self sufficient units, in which commerce was secondary
65
The English king most responsible for establishing the Exchequer was...
Henry I
66
The incursion of the vikings into other parts of Europe...
were successful in part because of their ships which sat shallowly in the water
67
Charlemagne's Empire accomplished all of the following except...
it restored an urban economy based upon the use of money
68
The Father of modern English is...
Chaucer
69
True or false: Columbus thought he could reach Indian by sailing east
False-west
70
True or false: The Peace of Augsburg legalized Lutheranism in the Holy Roman Empire
True
71
True or false: The Spanish begin the Age of Exploration
False-Portuguese
72
True or false: Copernicus had an "official" meeting/trial with the Inquisition
False-Galileo
73
Beliefs of John Calvin
salvation by predestination
74
Beliefs of Roman Catholic church
salvation by Seven Sacraments + Good Works
75
Established that the Act of Supremacy makes monarch head of church
Henry VIII
76
Beliefs of Martin Luther
salvation by faith
77
discovered that ellipse concept fixes the mathematics of heliocentrism
Kepler
78
Built the best observatory in Europe; extensive data collection
Brahe
79
calculus; Laws of Gravity; Laws of Motion
Newton
80
re-introduces heliocentric theory
Copernicus
81
creates first all water route to India
Vasco de Gama
82
defeats Aztec
H. Cortez
83
discovers how to navigate Cape of Good Hope
Bartolomeo Dias
84
first to circumnavigate the earth
Magellan
85
Which religious affiliation is INCORRECT?
Catherine of Aragon- Lutheran
86
Who said, "they preach that the soul flies out of Purgatory as soon as the money thrown in the chest rattles. I believe when the money rattles in the chest, avarice and gain may be increased, but the effect of the intercession of the Church depends of the will of God alone"
Martin Luther
87
Example of Portuguese and Spanish ethnocentrism during the late 15th century
Treaty of Tordesillas
88
directly resulted from the English Reformation
England's monasteries were dissolved and sold
89
This product was NOT transferred as part of the Columbian Exchange from the Americas to the Eastern Hemisphere
wheat
90
`An important result of the series of meeting of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)
Catholic Church enacted significant reforms
91
As a result of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg...
Protestantism became firmly established as an alternative to Roman Catholic
92
The Catholic Church condemned the theories of Copernicus because they....
removed humans from the center of the universe as implied in Genesis
93
True or false: The witchcraft craze in the 16th and 17th centuries was exclusively a big-city phenomenon
false
94
True or false: the period from about 1560-1648 witnessed continuing warfare most often over religion
true
95
True or false: France annexes Portugal when the king dies without a direct male heir to the throne
False-Spain
96
True or false: The St.Bartholomew's Day Massacre was planned by Catherine d'Medici
True
97
True or false: The Spanish Netherlands was made up of Catholics in the south and Lutherans in the north
False-Calvinists
98
True or false: The most devastating war of religion was the Thirty Years' War
True
99
True or false: The only time Phillip II ever laughed was when he was informed of the St.Bartholomew's Day Massacre
True
100
French Calvinists
Huguenots
101
new order of monks associated with Catholic Reformation
Jesuits
102
dynastic name/last name of Holy Roman Emperors
Hapsburg
103
Spanish royal palace/monastery/tomb all rolled into one!
el escorial
104
principle/exercise of complete control within a government
absolutism
105
"out the window"
defenestration
106
rules for someone until he is old enough to govern in his own right
regent
107
astute politically; more interested in political unity rather than religious
politique
108
"Paris is worth a mass"
Henry IV
109
established Spain as model for Catholic absolutism; personally leads the Catholic Reformation
Phillip II
110
King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor; resigns
Charles V
111
gets France involved in 30 Years' War
Louis XIII
112
legitimized Calvinist worship
Edict of Nantes
113
provided aid to Huguenots and Dutch Calvinists to weaken France and Spain
Queen Elizabeth I
114
this event was greeted by Pope Gregory XIII with delight
St.Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572
115
This was NOT part of or reflected in the Treaty of Westphalia
Russia acquired half of Poland
116
Which side did the French join in the 30 Years' War?
protestants
117
greatest accomplishment of Napoleon
Code Napoleon
118
document that gets rid of serfdom
Code Napoleon
119
document that preserves some legislation from French civil rights- divorce laws, inheritance laws, women's laws go backward
Code Napoleon
120
this document repressed free speech and newspapers
Code Napoleon
121
- declared all men equal
| - declared right to choose occupation, religion, and permitted divorce
Code Napoleon
122
exiles Napoleon to Elba with income of 2,000,000 francs and 10,000 soldiers
Treaty of Fontainebleau
123
Napoleon's first wife
Josephine
124
only successful slave revolt in history
Haitian Independence
125
What was the Battle of Trafalgar?
famous sea battle in which Lord Nelson died and France won
126
government established by Napoleon
Consulate
127
2 governments ruled by Napoleon
1) Consulate
| 2) First French Empire
128
year Napoleon declared himself 1st consul for life
1802
129
year Napoleon declared himself Emperor
1804
130
Napoleon's second wife
Marie Louisse
131
- Spanish king and prince imprisoned in France
| - Napo. appooints brother Joseph as new king
Spanish Ulcer
132
stroke of state; illegal overthrow of government
coup d'état
133
king of France after Napo.
Louis XVIII
134
system of gov. after Napo.
limited constitutional gov.
135
- 4 levels
| - reward people who contribute to france
Legion of Honor
136
neoclassical era; known by Americans as "federal style"
"empire" style
137
how Napo. made his name
Italian Campaign
138
destination of Napo. final exile
St.Helena
139
hurt most by Continental System
Russia
140
The 6th Coaltion
Napo. defeat
141
May 20- June 22, 1815
The "hundred" days
142
what countries united to overthrow Napo.?
Prussia, Austria, Russia, England
143
goal of Continental System
to isolate Britain and promote Napo.'s mastery over Europe
144
educational reform established by Napo.
Lycée
145
Leipzig
city in which Napo. was defeated
146
- free slave
- educated military man
- led Haitian Independence
Toussant L'Ouverture
147
- church becomes ward of the state
- Catholicism declared religion of the majority of French
- Church brought back but not lands
Concordat of 1801
148
June 18, 1815
Napo.'s defeat at Waterloo
149
island owned by France
Corsica
150
discovered meaning of heiroglyphics
Jean Francois Champollion
151
popular vote
plebiscite
152
M
A
I
N
Militarism (industrial Revl.)
Alliances
Imparialism (country dominating another)
Nationalism
153
What were the objectives of the Congress of Vienna?
- undo what Napoleon did
- reduce France to its old boundaries
- Principle of Quarantine:surround FR.
- Principle of Legitimacy:real rulers on throne
154
country that dominates European politics from 1814-1848
Austria
155
country that dominated European politics from 1848-1900ish
Prussia/Germany
156
all revolutions run by..
middle class
157
- from Russia
| - defeated Napo.
Tsar Alexander I
158
- Host of Congress of Vienna
| - from Austria
Prince Klemens von Metternich
159
Prussia's representative at Congress of Vienna
King Frederick William III
160
- professional flip-floper
- old regime
- represented France at Congress of Vienna
Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand
161
representative of Britain at Congress of Vienna
Foreign Minister Viscount Castlereagh
162
key principles established at Vienna
- Balance of Power
- Legitamacy
- Compensation
163
changes made at Vienna
- France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napo.
- Germanic Confederation
- Norway and Sweden joined
- neutrality of Switzerland guaranteed
- Britain given colonies in Africa and Asia
- slave trade condemned
164
Holy Roman Emperor ended by
Napoleon
165
political spies enter college classes and organizations
Carlsbad Decrees (1819)
166
1st failure of Metternich
Greek War of Independence
