Midterm Study Guide

Question 1

What are the 7 elements of art?

Answer 1

line, shape, space, value, form, texture, and color

Question 2

What are the 7 principles of design?

Answer 2

balance, gradation, repetition, contrast, harmony, dominance, unity

Question 3

What are the 3 elements of a color?

Answer 3

hue, value, chroma

Question 4

What is a tint of a color? Shade?

Answer 4

tint- change in hue by adding white

shade- change in hue by adding black

Question 5

What is value?

Answer 5

different intensities of a color

Question 6

What is space?

Answer 6

area between and around objects

Question 7

What is texture?

Answer 7

surface quality that can be seen or felt

Question 8

What is shape?

Answer 8

a closed line

Question 9

What are primary, secondary, and tertiary colors?

Answer 9

primary- cannot be produces by mixing other colors together
secondary- can be produced by mixing primary colors together
tertiary- produced by mixing a primary and a secondary

Question 10

What are analogous colors?

Answer 10

colors next to each other on the color wheel

Question 11

What are aesthetics?

Answer 11

a set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty

Question 12

What is geological weathering?

Answer 12

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth’s surface, by the action of rainwater, extremes of temperature, and biological activity

Question 13

What rock makes up clay?

Answer 13

silica

Question 14

What are clay particle referred to as?

Answer 14

platlets

Question 15

Where did the original potters work near?

Answer 15

rivers and streams

Question 16

How is clay found?

Answer 16

mined like iron and coal

Question 17

What is the basic formula of clay?

Answer 17

alumina, silica, water

Question 18

What are the three basic hand building methods?

Answer 18

pinch pot, coil, slab

Question 19

What is wedging? What do you wedge?

Answer 19

process of getting air bubbled out of clay

Question 20

What is the purpose of grog?

Answer 20

reduces shrinkage and aids drying

Question 21

What is plasticity? How can you test plasticity?

Answer 21

how flexible a clay or clay body is. make clay into a coil and wrap it around your finger

Question 22

What are four properties you should know about all clay you work with?

Answer 22

plasticity, shrinkage, texture, and moisture

Question 23

What is traditional pottery?

Answer 23

Pottery that has been formed by hand, painted with natural pigments, and fired with an organic fuel

Question 24

What are the names for the different moisture levels of clay from most liquid to most dry?

Answer 24

slip, plastic, leather-hard, bone dry, bisqueware, earthenware, stoneware

Question 25

What is the term for unfired clay?

Answer 25

greenware/bone dry

Question 26

What is the term for clay after its first firing?

Answer 26

bisqueware

Question 27

What is ware?

Answer 27

pottery

Question 28

What is porosity?

Answer 28

tiny pores in the clay to allow the escape of water during drying and firing

Question 29

What does it mean to vitrify?

Answer 29

become glass-like

Question 30

What does it mean to become refractory?

Answer 30

difficult to work or melt

Question 31

What is earthenware clay? Firing temp?

Answer 31

second fire-low fire

Question 32

What is stoneware clay? Firing temp?

Answer 32

second fire-high fire

Question 33

What clay is good for beginners to use?

Answer 33

earthenware

Question 34

When is a good time to apply two pieces of clay?

Answer 34

when the clay is plastic

Question 35

How do you keep clay from drying too quickly?

Answer 35

wrap clay in plastic while not working with it

Question 36

How much of Earth's surface is clay or clay forming material?

Answer 36

75%

Question 37

What is organic matter?

Answer 37

matter composed of organic compounds that has come from the remains of organisms such as plants and animals and their waste products in the environment

Question 38

What are the 3 properties that set clay apart from sand or dirt?

Answer 38

plasticity, porosity, and vitrify

Question 39

How do you properly attach 2 pieces of clay?

Answer 39

slip and score

Question 40

What do you use a potters needle tool for?

Answer 40

carving, cutting, scoring

Question 41

What do you use a fettling knife for?

Answer 41

cut, carve, score

Question 42

What do you use a modeling tool for?

Answer 42

smooth, shape, scrape

Question 43

What do you use a wire clay cutter for?

Answer 43

to cut clay off of larger pieces

Question 44

What do you use a loop tool for?

Answer 44

to trim and remove any excess clay

Question 45

What is impressing?

Answer 45

pressing a tool into the clay surface to make a design

Question 46

What is incising?

Answer 46

cutting into the surface of clay

Question 47

What is a pierced design?

Answer 47

design that goes all the way through

Question 48

What is applique?

Answer 48

applying one piece of clay onto another

Question 49

What is sprigging?

Answer 49

decorate with small, separately molded designs.

Question 50

What can you do during slab forming to create interesting textures?

Answer 50

impress on a design or applique

Question 51

What is burnishing?

Answer 51

making the surface smooth by rubbing

Question 52

What is a Saggar?

Answer 52

A protective fireclay box enclosing ceramic ware while it is being fired

Question 53

What is kiln wash?

Answer 53

a sacrificial layer of material between pot and kiln shelves; prevents glaze from sticking to shelves.

Question 54

What is kiln furniture?

Answer 54

the shelves and posts used to support ware inside the kiln

Question 55

What are the uses for the pyrometric cones?

Answer 55

pyrometric devices that are used to gauge heatwork during the firing of ceramic materials; often used in sets of three; positioned in a kiln with the wares to be fired; provide a visual indication of when the wares have reached a required state of maturity, a combination of time and temperature

Question 56

What are the terms for these pyrometric cones?

Answer 56

Seger cones

Question 57

What is bloating?

Answer 57

a firing defect in which blisters form within a clay body, causing large lumps on the surface

Question 58

What is vitrification?

Answer 58

becoming glass like