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Science > Midterm Study guide > Flashcards

Midterm Study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of organization?

A

atom,molecule,macromolecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere

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2
Q

What’s incorrect about DNA?

A

All forms of life are composed with cells with a membrane enclosed nucleus.

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3
Q

The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem?

A

sunlight

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4
Q

Lowest level of organization that is considered living?

A

cell

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5
Q

Which statement is incorrect regarding prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Has to due with prokaryotic cells not having membrane bound organelles

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6
Q

What’s a type of protein that’s considered a catalyst?

A

an enzyme

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7
Q

What kind of feedback is regulation of the pancreas pertaining to blood glucose levels?

A

negative feedback

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8
Q

Charles Darwin said organisms are adapted to their environment during descent with modification when the possess….?

A

inheritable traits enhance the survival and reproductive success of those organisms

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9
Q

Atomic number and atomic mass (possibly into neutron number)?

A

you subtract the atomic number and the atomic mass to find the number of neutrons.

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10
Q

Atoms can’t react when their outer shells are full,

A

meaning they are nonreactive

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11
Q

Know who gains and loses electrons during ionic bonds

A

K loses an electron and CL gains an electron

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12
Q

What’s the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

A

Covalent is sharing electrons, ionic is losing or gaining electrons

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13
Q

How is one successful in an evolutionary sense?

A

-To be most successful they must live short by offspring much

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14
Q

What theme(S) go along with evolution?

A

all of the above

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15
Q

What is a control group?

A

The group that does not receive what one is testing

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16
Q

Know why a control group is important?

A

You need something that doesn’t receive what you’re testing so you can compare it.

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17
Q

How do water’s bond with each other?

A

hydrogen bonds

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18
Q

Know bond strengths? (Which is not a weak bond)

A

Covalent is strongest to van der waals is the weakest

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19
Q

Hypothesis supported many times is a?

A

Theory

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20
Q

All the chemical reactions involved inside a cell(s)?

A

metabolism

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21
Q

Four most important elements everywhere?

A

-carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen

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22
Q

What molecules have carbon?

A

organic

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23
Q

Identify the dependent variable?

A

Dependent variable is measurable change

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24
Q

For a protein molecule in between two amino acids to form what has to be released?

A

water

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25
Q

What kind of bonds are in between bonds in proteins like amino acids?

A

-peptide

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26
Q

Term used for a change in shape in proteins, like damaging it?

A

-denature

27
Q

3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

-phosphate group, base, and a sugar

28
Q

What is a perimidine?

A

-cytosine and uracil

29
Q

What is a purine?

A

-guanine and adenine

30
Q

What bonds with cytosine?

A

-guanine

31
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

-Cells are the basic unit of life

32
Q

A term for the cell membrane?

A

-phospholipid bilayer

33
Q

What type of transport is needed to move sodium in and out of the cell?

A

-active transport

34
Q

How to move water in and out of the cell?

A

-osmosis

35
Q

Noticeable difference plants and animal cells under a microscope?

A

-cell wall for plants and it is green and is a box when animals are round

36
Q

What attracts sunlight in chloroplasts?

A

-chlorophyll

37
Q

What qualifies as a specialized cells?

A

-any type of cell that has a specialized purpose

38
Q

What is the process of going from higher to lower concentrations?

A

-diffusion

39
Q

A large question.. What is the function of ribosomes.

A

Make proteins

40
Q

Particular organelle for making oils, etc.

A

Smooth ER

41
Q

Tay sachs disease. What organelle is dysfunctioning if its getting clogged up?

A

Lysosome

42
Q

Liver has to break down certain poisons?

A

Smooth ER

43
Q

Organelle in a plant that takes up a bunch of room?

A

Vacuole

44
Q

Energy, what organelle?

A

mitochondria

45
Q

Two cells have it’s own DNA?

A

Mitochondria and Chloroplast

46
Q

Organelle has grana and thylakoid and stroma?

A

Chloroplast

47
Q

Light energy to chemical energy?

A

Chloroplast

48
Q

Organelle that’s responsible for structure of cell?

A

Cell wall

49
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model, where are phospholipid?

A

Inside of the membrane, they never go out

50
Q

What is the purpose of proteins and lipids?

A

They help transportation

51
Q

What kind of molecules would be able to go through cell membrane the easiest? A carrier protein, what would be a characteristic when it talks about which molecule it prefers?

A

for a certain type, only specific job. Smallest ones, hydrophobic

52
Q

What’s diffusion?

A

In Passive Transport, High to Low Concentration

53
Q

What process has to use ATP?

A

Active Transport. Potassium and Sodium

54
Q

Electron Transport and Kreb Cycle happen where?

A

Mitochondria

55
Q

Correct formula for photosynthesis.

A

6CO2+6H2O→ C6H12O6+6O2

56
Q

Where does respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria

57
Q

Food Chain on Earth?

A

Starts with Plants

58
Q

Definition of Thermodynamics?

A

Energy

59
Q

What’s the source of energy for metabolism?

A

ATP

60
Q

ADP and ATP?

A

Phosphorylation

61
Q

Enzymes, turn on and turn off?

A

Activator and inhibitor

62
Q

Which reaction in photosynthesis creates oxygen and ATP?

A

Light Reaction and Dark reaction

63
Q

Step of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen?

A

Glycolysis

64
Q

Name of cellular respiration that happens w/o oxygen?

A

Anaerobic

Science (7 decks)

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