Midterm Terms

Question 1

Ganglia

Answer 1

Concentration of cell bodies

Question 2

What do dendrites do?

Answer 2

Receive messages from other cells

Question 3

What do Axon do?

Answer 3

passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscle or glands

Question 4

what does the myelin sheath do?

Answer 4

Covers axon of some neurons & helps to speed neural impulses

Question 5

What are bipolar neurons?

Answer 5

In special sense organs b/w receptors & other neurons
Has 2 proceses (dentritic & axon)

Question 6

What are unipolar neurons?

Answer 6

Fused dendrite & axon
Most sensory neurons are unipolar

Question 7

What are multipolar neurons?

Answer 7

2 or more dendrites & single axon
Most common neurons in CNS & all motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles

Question 8

What do Oligodenrocytes do?

Answer 8

Located in CNS
Create myelin

Question 9

What do Ependymal cells do?

Answer 9

Located in CNA
Lines internal cavities of brain & spinal cord
Produce & circulate CSF

Question 10

What do microglia cells do?

Answer 10

Located in CNS
Macrophages, that phagocytize dead tissue, debris & pathogens
Concentrated at sites of trauma & injury
Carry out immune responses in CNS

Question 11

What do astrocytes do?

Answer 11

In CNS
Cover brain surface, provide framework for tissue
Contact capillaries to form blood-brain barrier
Regulate blood flow & composition of tissue fluid

Question 12

What do Schwann cells do?

Answer 12

Located in PNS
Create myelin

Question 13

What do satellite cells do?

Answer 13

Located in PNS
Insulate somas in ganglia of PNS

Question 14

During the action potential, what happens when voltage gated K+ channel open?

Answer 14

K+ leaves the cell & membrane hyperpolarizes

Question 15

At what location on a neuron does an action potential initiate?

Answer 15

Axon Hillock

Question 16

What role does myelin play in controlling neuronal signaling>

Answer 16

Enhances speed of electrical signals along an axon

Question 17

How is threshold reached?

Answer 17

Na+ enters a cell until voltage reaches -50mV

Question 18

During an action potential, voltage gated Na+ channels are responsible for which voltage shift?

Answer 18

-50 mV to +35mV

Question 19

A neuron is in the relative refacroty period when making which voltage shift?

Answer 19

-73mV to -68mV

Question 20

During action potential, voltage gated K+ channels are responsible for which voltage shift?

Answer 20

+35mV to -73mV

Question 21

After threshold is reached, which ion channels open first?

Answer 21

Na+ channels, which let Na+ into the cell

Question 22

Which ion enters a neuron following glutamate binding to its receptor?

Answer 22

Na+, which depolarizes the neuron

Question 23

Which channels are responsible for producing local potentials?

Answer 23

Neurotransmitter-gated channels along dendrites

Question 24

Describe AMPA receptors

Answer 24

ionotrophic
Na
excitatory

Question 25

Describe DR 1&5

Answer 25

Metabotrophic activates kinases that phosphorylate AMPA/NMDA (excitatory) Phosphorylates CREB for plasticity

Question 26

Describe DR 2,3,4

Answer 26

Metabotrophic Inhibits kinases that phosphorylate AMPA/NMDA (Inhibitory) Prevents Phosphorylates of CREB for plasticity

Question 27

GABA A

Answer 27

Ionotrophic Cl- Inhibitory

Question 28

Describe GABA B

Answer 28

Metabotrophic Activate Girk channel, inhibit Ca2+ channels Inhibitory

Question 29

Ionotropic 5HT3 receptor

Answer 29

Serotonin receptor Na excitatory

Question 30

mACHR

Answer 30

Musacrinic Ach receptors Metabotropic Activate GIRK channel, inhibit Ca2+ channels inhibitatory

Question 31

Metabotropic 5HT3 receptor

Answer 31

Metabotropic Either activate/deactivate protein kinases, protein kinase then activate GIRK channel inhibitory

Question 32

mGLUR 1 & 5

Answer 32

Metabotropic Activates kinases that phosphorylate AMPA/NMDA excitatory Phorphorylates CREB for plasticity

Question 33

mGLUR 2 & 3

Answer 33

Metabotropic activation of GIRK channels inhibitory

Question 34

nAchR

Answer 34

Ionotropic Na excitatory

Question 35

NMDA

Answer 35

Ionotropic Na & Ca excitatory

Question 36

GlyR

Answer 36

Ionotropic Cl- inhibitory

Question 37

What portion of neuron releases neurotransmitter?

Answer 37

Axon terminal

Question 38

In which region of a neuron are most of its organelles, such as nucleus located?

Answer 38

Cell Body

Question 39

What is a reuptake transporter?

Answer 39

Pre-synaptic protein that allows neurotransmitters back into an axon terminal

Question 40

What is a ligand-gated ion channel?

Answer 40

Post synaptic receptor that directly generates electrical current

Question 41

What is a G-Protein coupled receptor

Answer 41

Post synaptic receptor that generates second messengers

Question 42

When an action potential reaches an axon terminal what generates electrical current?

Answer 42

Voltage gated calcium channels

Question 43

Post synaptic protein that directly control gene expression

Answer 43

CREB

Question 44

Enzyme that carries out phosphorylation

Answer 44

Kinase

Question 45

Protein attached to the axon terminal that controls docking & exocytosis of synaptic vesicle

Answer 45

SNARE

Question 46

Protein that degrades neurotransmitter within synaptic space

Answer 46

Hydrolytic enzyme

Question 47

Synaptic vesicle protein that docks vesicle to axon terminal

Answer 47

synaptobrevin

Question 48

Most neurotransmitters are derived from this type of molecule

Answer 48

Amino acid