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Theology 200 > Midterm Terms > Flashcards

Midterm Terms Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Glaucon

A

from Platos republic

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2
Q

Ring of Gyges story

A

story by Glaucon, a shepherd finds a ring that has the power to make its wearer invisible. With this newfound power, Gyges is able to commit immoral acts without being caught—he kills the king, takes the throne, and marries the queen

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3
Q

morality of happiness

A

moral actions lead to human flourishing

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4
Q

morality of obligation

A

ethical view that moral actions are those performed out of a sense of duty, often guided by external rules, laws, or commands

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5
Q

descriptive morality

A

the study of how people actually behave and the moral beliefs they hold, without making judgments about whether those beliefs are right or wrong.

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6
Q

normative sense of morality

A

the principles and standards that define what is right and wrong, good and bad, and what people ought to do

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7
Q

descriptive moral rules

A

actual behaviors and ethical norms that people follow in a given culture or society, as observed and described without making any judgment about their rightness or wrongness.

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8
Q

normative moral rules

A

principles or standards that prescribe how people ought to behave, setting guidelines for what is considered right or wrong.

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9
Q

authority

A

to the sources or individuals whose teachings, laws, or principles are considered to have the power to guide and dictate moral behavior.

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10
Q

Transitive and intransitve features of human action

A
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11
Q

intention

A

refers to the purpose or goal behind an action—what a person aims to achieve through their behavior.

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12
Q

free will

A

ability todo what you wanna

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13
Q

freedom of indifference

A

human freedom is the capacity to choose between two or more options without being determined by any prior cause

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14
Q

freedom for excellence

A

views true freedom not as mere indifference between alternatives, but as the ability to choose the good, aligning with one’s true nature and purpose

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15
Q

object

A

the action itself

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16
Q

circumstances

A

conditions or factors surrounding the action

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17
Q

duress

A

a situation in which a person is forced to act against their will due to the threat of significant harm or coercion

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18
Q

Habit

A

deeply ingrained or acquired disposition to act in a certain way.

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19
Q

virtue

A

a stable and habitual disposition to do what is good.

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20
Q

vice

A

habitual and stable disposition to do what is morally wrong or evil

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21
Q

theological virtue

A

faith, hope, charity

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22
Q

cardinal virtue

A

four fundamental moral virtues that serve as the foundation for all other virtues

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23
Q

justice

A

giving each person respect for’ rights, involves treating others with dignity
- virtue of right relationships
-to give eachother what is due to them

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24
Q

temperence

A

The virtue that moderates our desires and pleasures, especially with regard to food, drink, and sensual pleasures. Temperance helps a person to maintain balance and avoid excess, leading to self-control and moderation in all aspects of life.

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25
fortitude
The virtue that enables a person to endure difficulties and face challenges with strength and resilience. It helps one to stand firm in doing what is right, even in the face of fear, danger, or suffering. Habit that enables you to face difficulties well
26
prudence
he virtue that enables a person to judge correctly what is right and wrong in any given situation and to choose the appropriate course of action. Prudence involves wisdom in decision-making
27
natural law
defined as the moral order that is inherent in human nature and can be discovered through reason.
28
absolute norm
a moral rule or principle that is universally binding and applies in all situations, without exception
29
passion
refers to strong emotional or affective states that influence a person's desires, feelings, and actions
30
incontinence
condition in which a person knows what is morally right but is unable to control their desires or passions, leading them to act against reason and commit immoral actions.
31
continene
condition in which a person knows what is morally right and is able to act according to reason
32
intemperance
a condition in which a person consistently fails to control their desires, particularly their appetites, leading them to engage in excessive or disordered behavior
33
congitive manipulation
refers to influencing or altering a person's thinking, beliefs, or perceptions in a way that undermines their autonomy or rational decision-making
34
facility
to the ease or naturalness with which a person performs a particular action, especially in relation to moral virtues
35
Prudence
defined as the virtue that enables a person to judge correctly what is right and best in any given situation and to choose the appropriate course of action
36
charioteer of the virtues
to describe prudence as the guiding or governing virtue that directs and regulates the other virtues.
37
docility
refers to the willingness and openness to learn from others, especially from those who are wiser or more experienced.
38
solertia
quickness of mind and practical wisdom in responding to complex moral situations
39
memory
cognitive virtue
40
irresoluteness
refers to a state in which a person is unable or unwilling to make a firm decision about a course of action, especially in a moral context
41
thoughtlessness
a failure to consider the consequences of one's actions, often leading to poor or immoral decisions.
42
conscience
defined as the judgment of the practical intellect that helps an individual determine whether a particular action is morally right or wrong, judgement of reason
43
synderesis
do good and avoid evil
44
moral realism
philosophical view that moral facts or values are objective and exist independently of human opinions, beliefs, or cultural norms
45
erroneous conscience
refers to a conscience that makes a wrong moral judgment due to a mistaken understanding of moral principles or facts.
46
invincible ignorance
type of ignorance that cannot be overcome by the person due to factors beyond their control.
47
vincible ignorance
type of ignorance that can be overcome with reasonable effort or diligence
48
justice
defined as the virtue that guides individuals to give each person their due, particularly in relation to their rights and responsibilities
49
common good
the best for the most people
50
total war
defined as the sum total of social conditions that allow individuals and groups to reach their fulfillment more fully and easily
51
just war
a form of warfare in which the entire resources and population of a nation or state are mobilized to achieve complete victory over the enemy, with no distinction made between military and civilian targets
52
pacifism
ethical belief that violence, especially war, is morally wrong and should be avoided at all costs.
53
nonresistance
to go with it and let it take over
54
nonviolent resistance
emphasizes actively resisting injustice and evil through peaceful mean
55
proportionality
evaluating the morality of actions by weighing the relative benefits and harms
56
noncombatant immunity
you have immunity if you were not an active participant
57
doctrine of double effects
a moral principle that allows an action with both good and bad consequences to be permissible if the bad effect is not intended, but merely foreseen as a side effect of the good effect
58
marrtyr
someone who is killed for his faith
59
foolhardiness
behavior that takes unnecessary risks
60
cowardice
to have a lack of courage
61
attack
apart of fortitude difficulty at hand is faced well by seeking to eliminate or remove it
62
endurance
hanging on in the face of hardship
63
unity of the virtues
virtues are all interconnected
64
atomism
individual ideas and not a whole concept
65
creation
god created us and everything in the world
66
sin
violation of Gods laws
67
repemption
to do better and make better terms
68
practice
to work towards goals
69
to believe
to have faith in something you cant see
70
fides qua
true habit of believing answers to big picture questions
71
fides quae
content of what is believed
72
general faith
believing in true things about God and his relationships
73
pride
to be have satisfaction with something
74
mortal sin
end relationships with God (exception for forgiveness)
75
venial sin
any sins that not a mortal sin
76
envy
to be jealous and want what others have
77
anger
to be irritated about a situation
78
sloth
fail to fill ones duties
79
greed
wanting everything
80
gluttony
habitual greed
81
lust
the want or desire for something

Theology 200 (2 decks)

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