Midterm Theory Review Flashcards
1
Q
Do you think Passive Relaxed ROM is used to increase joint nutrition?
A
Yes
2
Q
Someone is having a painful joint, what grade of joint mob is appropriate/safe for this without doing any further assessment?
A
Grade one, oscillatory. To help reduce SNS firing in the joint.
(Grade 2 is also used for assesment)
3
Q
In regards to stretching and strengthening, the force is applied to the distal end of the moving segment?
A
True!
4
Q
Writing with a pen is an example of what? When it comes to the hand
A
A precision movement/ pattern
5
Q
At what level of lumbar flexion do your extensor muscles start to relax? What degree?
A
45 degrees
6
Q
Proximal segment needs to be stabilized?
A
Yes, true
7
Q
T or F, the client is encouraged to continue breathing during stretching and strengthening??
A
TRUE strengthening is more important.
8
Q
Comparing strengthening and stretching, would you say that the amount of time you hold the stretch or a strengthen is the same?
A
Different! Stretch is 30 seconds. Unless it’s painful. An AIT is ten seconds then 30 seconds.
Strengthening is 2-3 sets 8-10reps for 10 seconds
9
Q
T or F: Flexion and extension are examples of accessory movements??
A
FALSE
10
Q
T or F: accessory movements are necessary for physiological movement?
A
TRUE
EX: GH joint! The scapula rotation during abduction to allow full rotation
11
Q
Accessory movements are sometimes unnecessary?
A
True!
12
Q
Is joint play an example of physiological movement?
A
- No because physiological movement is natural, and joint play is what we do.
- Slide vs a Glide: glide is what we do and a slide is the equivalent of it.
13
Q
When you are considering resistance exercise for a client what are some things you need to keep in mind other than their condition?
A
Blood pressure, heart rate, medications, capability, comprehension, age related factors, meaning extensibility of tissue, maybe rather than resistance you would get them to go through a range of motion
14
Q
EX: if someone has a right side hip hike, what is the physiological movement of the hip that’s occurring?
A
ADDuction of the leg.
Pelvis is rotating on the head of femur.
15
Q
When you have a lateral pelvic tilt, which iliac crest does the lumbar spine bend towards?
A
The elevated one
16
Q
If you were doing agonist contraction to rectus femoris, what muscle is contracting?
A
Glute max and hamstrings, same in the reverse.
17
Q
In context of GH joint mobilizations: a posterior glide would increase?
A
Flexion
18
Q
In context of GH joint mobilizations: a anterior glide would increase?
A
Extension
19
Q
In the first carpometacarpal joint, how would you increase extension? Radial glide Flexion?
A
Ulnar glide
20
Q
Mobilizing the medial end of the clavicle at the SC joint inferiorly would increase what scapular movement?
A
Elevation
21
Q
How do you stretch the biceps brachii vs the coracobrachialis?
A
- Action of coracobrachialis: assist in flexion and adduction at the GH joint.
- Action of biceps: flexion of the elbow and flexion of the shoulder.
What’s unique about their attachments when it comes to the joints they cross?
- Coracobrachialis: cross the shoulder
- Biceps brachii: cross the shoulder and the elbow.
22
Q
What other muscle in that area has a similar stretch position to the above muscles but is different?
A
Brachialis! Only the elbow.
23
Q
The humeroulnar joint: what direction would the glide be to increase extension?
A
ULNARLY extension of the elbow also means VALGUS.
24
Q
Know glides of joints!!
A
!!
25
There are three different muscles that come from three different groupings of the body...
What is an attachment that sartorius as well as other muscles in the thigh attach to?? And what are the other muscles?
Pes Anserine! The other muscles are Gracilis and semitendinous, and Sartorius.
26
What is pes anserine? Where is it located?
Medial tibial condyle
27
What is a unique feature of sartorius in comparison of other muscles in the body?
It's the longest muscle in the body? Its origin is ASIS.
28
Know the O’s and I’s of sartorius
- Origin: ASIS
- Insertion: medial tibial condyle
-Action: flexes, lat rot, abducts the thigh, flexes knee
Innervation: femoral
29
Know the ligaments at the AC joint and what movements they limit.
Acromioclavicular, joins acromion to clavicle and strengthens the superior aspect of joint
Coracoclavicular ligament:
- Conoid attaches coracoid process to conoid tubercle of clavicle
- Trapezoid attaches superior coracoid process to the trapezoid line on inferior clavicle.
- TOGETHER they support the acromioclavicular joint. A passive attachment of scapula & upper limb from clavicle.
- These ligaments contribute to horizontal stability, making them crucial for preventing superior dislocation of the AC Joint. Both portions also limit rotation of the scapula.
30
What is the action of infraspinatus?
External rotation
31
Which of the four gluteal muscles?
1) Piriformis
2) Gluteus maximus
3) Medius
4) Minimus
32
How would you stretch Piriformis?
Internal Rotation
33
How would you stretch glute max?
Internal Rotation
34
What muscles are being streatch when the Hip externally rotated and adduction
Medius and Minimums (Both abduct the thigh and internally rotate)
35
T or F: Supraspinatus minimizes the inferior slide of the humeral head when the deltoid contracts.
True
36
T or F the biceps long head tendon helps stabilize the anterior portion of the GH joint:
True
| Attaches to supraglenoid tubercle and the Short head goes to the coracoid process
37
T or F: the orientation of the glenoid fossa and the glenoid labrum, provide some stability to the GH joint?
TRUE glenoid fossa is angled towards your acromion
38
How do you stretch the levator scapula?
Smelling your armpit: Contra lat flexion, contralateral rotation, flexion
39
When it comes to the shoulder abduction what does a large percentage of movement come from? GH or scap?
GH joint
40
What range does posterior glide improve in the GH joint?
| What range does anterior glide improve?
Posterior improves: internal rotation and flexion
Anterior improves External rotation and extension
41
Action of Teres minor:
External Rotation
42
What is scaption? Movement of the humerus in the scapular plane. Which ROM moves through the scapular plane?
Abduction
43
What are the Os and Is of pectoralis minor?
- O: Ribs 3-5 anterior surface
- I : Coracoid process
- Action: protraction and stabilizing of the scapula.
44
What type of a joint is the radioulnar joint?
Pivot joint
45
Action of extensor digitorum
Extension of wrist and digits
46
Know various glides to the proximal radio ulnar joint do
Abduction/ Supination: Volar glide.
| Adduction/ Pronation: Dorsal glide
47
What is the open pact (resting position) for the humeroulnar joint?
70 degrees of flexion and 10 degrees supination
48
When doing a lumbar spine traction what is the position of the hips?
(closed pact at hip) Open pact is 30 flexion 30 abduction
49
What's the action of adductor pollicis?
Adduction of the thumb
50
What is the action of flexor digitorum superficialis?
flexion of wrist, MCP joint, PIP joint, and weak elbow flexion
51
What is the action of Profundis
flexion of the MCP, PIP, DIP, weak wrist flexion. (Only muscle to flex DIPS)
52
What is the action of the interossei muscles?
palmar group- adduction of digits. Dorsal group: abduction of digits PAD DAB
53
What do Adductor Pollicus, Flexor Digitorum Superficials, Profundis, Interossei Muscle do collectively?
They let you pick things up precisely like a pincient grip!
54
The PSIS moves posteriorly and inferiorly during which pelvic tilt?
Posterior
55
In a neutral pelvis the ASIS is higher or lower than PSIS?
Higher
56
In an anterior pelvic tilt, are ASIS higher or lower than PSIS?
They are level
57
What is the clinical significance of a weak glute med?
Trendelenburg hip drops
58
The lateral collateral ligament of the elbow protects you against?
Varus Stress
59
What is the transverse humeral ligament?
Keeps the biceps tendon in the bicipital groove (intrat vicular notch)
60
What is the annular ligament?
Keeps the radial head seated in its notch
61
Considering the humeral radial joint which bone of this bone is concave and which is convex?
```
Concave= Radius
Convex= Humerus
```
62
Out of your four digits, which does not adduct or abduct?
The third
63
What is the resting position for the SC joint?
Relaxed posture arms by your side
64
Know which carpals move during ulnar and radial deviation.
- Convex- capitate and hamate
- Concave- scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
- (Slide opposite direction with flexion and extension, radio and owner deviation)
- Concave-trapezium and trapezoid
- Slide same direction with flexion and extension
- Trapezoid is bound to capitate - cannot slide in different directions during radial and ulnar deviation.
-Therefore, trapezium and trapezoid slide in a posterior direction with radial deviation and an anterior direction with ulnar deviation
65
Lumbo pelvic rhythm! Your erector spinae contract until about 45 degrees, then they relax. What happens is what order?
Coordinated movement of the lumbar spine and pelvis occur during maximum forward bending of the trunk.
1) Head and upper trunk initiate flexion
2) Pelvis shifts posteriorly to maintain centre of gravity
3) Trunk continues to forward bend- eccentric contraction of extensor muscle of spine until 45°
4) Posterior lateral ligaments becomes taut, Facet joints approximate (stability at enter vertebral joints, and muscles relax)
5) Pelvis begins to rotate forward - anterior pelvic tilt - eccentric contraction of hamstrings and gluteus maximus.
6) Pelvic rotation continues until muscles reach full length
7) Limited by flexibility of various back extensors.
- Returning to upright position:
- Hip extensor muscle rotating the pelvis posterior.
- Back extensors contracting extending the spine from the lumbar region upward.
66
Agonist Contraction is a technique that involves contraction of which muscle group?
The opposite, opposing
67
Does concave bone moving on convex slide in opposite or same direction to its swing?
Same!
68
Stretch that you stay in one position for a set time. You are able to relax your body while partner, asccessory or prop intensifies the stretch by putting external pressure on your body.
Passive Stretch
69
Does Convex bone moving on Concave bone slide in the same or opposite direction to swing?
Opposite
70
Do you think AF ROM can increase muscle strength?
It maintains strength
71
Can AF ROM help prevent or lessen muscle Atrophy
Prevent Atrophy
72
Can PR ROM prevent or lessen muscle atrophy?
No it deals with fluid of the joint not muscle
73
Can PR ROM help decrease pain?
74
Muscle spindles control the what of a muscle?
Length (stretch receptor)
75
If a cx has muscle spasm what type of stretch is appropriate
Agonist Contraction
76
In which direction will the radius slide in the distal radioulnar joint during pronation
Anteriorly
77
If client has a painful shoulder joint what technique is safe?
Joint Distraction
78
What peripheral joint mobilization is used to assess the joint?
Grade 2 Distraction
79
How would you stretch Gracillis
Hip Abduction and Knee Extension
80
How would you stretch Tibialis Anterior
Evert the foot and plantar flex
81
Hold-relax uses what type of contraction?
Isometric
82
Contract-relax uses what type of contraction?
Isotonic
83
If your stretching a muscle and it has a soft tissue stretch what end feel could you perform on client?
Hold relax ROM
84
Voluntary contraction and relaxation skeletal muscles without changing the muscle length or moving the associated part of the body
Muscle Setting
85
Amount of tension or force that can be developed in a muscle. Ability of contractile tissue to produce tension
Strength
86
Your back feels relief when you bend forward or round you back like if you had facet joint irritation or spinal stenosis
Flexion Bias
87
ROM is insufficient due to limitation in muscle length
Passive insufficiency
88
Contraction is insufficient due to limitation in muscle length
Active insufficiency
89
Science of movement
Kinesiology
90
Science of movement
Kinesiology
91
Where is your tibiofemoral joint located?
On tibial and femur joint (knee)
92
What muscle would you strengthen if you need to maintain muscle strength in flexion of the tibiofemoral joint
93
What muscle would you strengthen if you need to maintain muscle strength in flexion of tibiofemoral joint
Hamstring
94
How can you isometically strengthen rhomboids
Pinch your shoulders
95
In protective phase for inflammatory conditions What is beneficial for healing
Pain free movement
96
Do not want to restore full ROM in maximum protection phase
No
97
GH impingement, bursitis , tendinitis, protective phase What exercise can you do?
Pendulum swings no weight
98
What can friction tecnhiques do to the tissue for the healing process
Help break up scar tissue
99
If a client has steppage Gait what muscle is weak? What is action to strengthen this muscle?
Tib anterior
| Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
100
Would you stretch a swollen and inflamed muscle
No
101
What action are involved in supination of the foot
1, Plantarflexion
2. Adductor
3. Evert
102
What muscle causes shin splints
Tib posterior
103
When do you not do pendulum exercise in shoulder
Dislocated shoulder
104
How do you stretch triceps
Flex elbow and gh joint
105
What direction do humerus slide when gh extension is performed
Ant- head
| Post - bone
106
In which direction would you mobilize the 1st CMC joint increase extension
Radial
107
What direction would you mobilize the 1st CMC joint increase flexion
Ulnar
108
Isomeric does what?
Maintain mm strength
109
Isotonic does what?
More stability, balance, increase strength
110
Negative reaction to strengthening
DOMS and soreness
111
When stretching and strengthening you stabilize at the proximal end and where would the force be applied of the moving segement
Distal end
112
If your client has tight GL and is hiked up on right side would your hip also be adducted on right or abducted on right
Pelvis hike and hip adduct on right side
113
GH joint rule?
Convex on cancave
114
What way do the humerus slide when GH joint extension is performed
Anteriorly
115
How to increase General mobility to AC joint
Anterior glide
116
To increase flexion of humeroulnar joint you would do what glide
Distal (scoop)
117
Humeroulnar joint increase valgus (extension)
Ulnar
118
Humeroulnar increase varus flexion
Radial
119
Proximal radioulnar joint rule
Convex on cancave
120
Increase dorsal and volatility glide prox radiaoulnar
Dorsal: post-pronate
Volar: ant-sup
121
Distal radioulnar joint rule
Increase dorsal glide
Increase volar glide
Concave on convex
Dorsal glide: supinate
Volar glide: pronate
122
Radiocarpal joint: wrist joint
Increase dorsal: ant flex
Volar: post ext
Radial : ulnar dev
Ulnar: radial dev
Radiocarpal joint does flexion and extension, ulnar and radial dev
123
Is distal radioulnar joint considered part of wrist
No
124
Outer end of clavicle is held in alignment with the acromion by the ?
Acrominoclavicular ligament
Coraclavicular ligament
*restricts vertical or elevation of lateral clavicle
125
How would you strengthen glute medius
Abduct leg and medially rotate
126
Long head of bicep stablizes against humeral?
Elevation (ant portion)
127
When arm is in resting position the inferior and anterior portion of joint capsule are lax and superior position is taut rotator cuff mm reinforce the joint capsule superior, posterior, anterior
Just know this
128
GH joint joint rule
```
Convex on concave
Increase:
Flexion: Post glide
Extension: Ant glide
Abduction: inferior
External: anterior
Internal: posterior
```
129
What is scaption
30* horizontal abduction and ratio is 2:1
130
To strengthen pec major what would you do
Internal rotation and adduction
131
Deltoid mm causes what kind of translation of humerus I unopposed
Upward translation
132
Rotator cuff mm stabilize compressive forces a ————- translation of GH
Downward
133
What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint
Modified hinge
134
What type of joint are proximal/distal radioulnar
Pivot
135
What type of joint is the GH
Ball and socket
136
Why do the humerus externally rotate with elevation
For clearance of greater tubercle
137
How do you stretch extensor digitorum
Flex 2-5 MCP digits
138
How would you stretch subcap
Lateral rotation of GH
139
Proximal radioulnar joint rule
Convex on concave
140
Distal radioulnar joint rule
Concave on convex
141
Increase wrist flexion of wrist at Radiocarpal joint What glide would you do
Dorsal
142
What joint of the wrist/hand do ulnar/radial dev occur
Radiocarpal
143
Radiocarpal joint rule
Convex on concave
144
What joint is considered your wrist joint
Radiocarpal
145
What mm do you use pinch grip
Add pollicus, flex digit, supination an pronation, interosssi, lumbar, thenar emminence
146
Cup shaped rim of cartilage that lines and reinforces ball and socket such as hip and shoulder
Labrum
147
What elbow lig supports valgus stress
MLC
148
What elbow ligament supports elbow against varus stress
LCL
149
Is surface of radius in humeroradial joint concave or convex
Radius is concave
| Humerus is convex
150
Which digit has most movement
5th
151
What glide to improve extension/external rotation of Gh joint
Anterior
152
Which digit has second most movement
4th
153
Why do trapezoid move with capitate during radial and ulnar devi
Trap is bound to capitate
154
What digit has least movement
3rd
155
Know muscles LP 7-8 pg 8
156
bony structures, ligaments, glenoid labrum, capsule (adhesive and cohesive forces in the joint)
Static
157
tendons of the rotator cuff aid in tightening static structures, when the muscles contract it provides?
Dynamic stability
158
What muscle help stabilize scapula
upper trapezius
Serratus anterior
rhomboids
middle trapezius.
159
The first 30 degrees of upward rotation of scapula occurs with elevation of the clavicle
at the SC joint
Clavicle elevation and rotation
160
stabilizing compressive forces and downward translation of GH
Shortening of rotator cuff mm
161
compressive and upward translation on the humerus
Supraspinatus
162
Trapezius
```
O:
medial 1/3 of SNL
Inion
NL
SP C7-T12
```
I:
Lateral 1/3 clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula
```
A:
Sup:
Ipsilat flex, rotate scapula sup., contralat rotation
Mid:
Retract scapula
Inf:
Depress scapula
```
163
Levator scapula
O:
TVP C1-C4
I:
Sup. Med. border of scapula
```
A:
Elevate scapula
Inf. rotation scapula
Ipsilat lat flex
Rotation of neck
```
164
Lattismus Dorsi
O:
SP T6-T12
Iliac crest
Rib 8-12
I:
Floor of bicipital groove
A:
Extension
Adduction
Medial rotation
165
Teres Major
O:
Post inf angle of scapula
I:
Med lip of biciptal groove at ant surface under arm
A:
Adduct and medial rotate shoulder
166
Teres Minor
O:
Upper 2/3 lat border scapula
I:
Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)
A:
Lat rotate shoulder
Abduct shoulder
167
Infraspinatus
O:
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I:
Middle facet of greater tubercle
A:
Lat rotate shoulder
Abduct shoulder
168
Supraspinatus
O:
Supraspinatus fossa of scapula
I:
Superior facet greater tubercle
A:
Abduct shoulder
169
Subscapularis
O:
Subscauplar fossa of scapula
I:
Lesser tubercle of humerus
A:
Med rotate shoulder
170
Pec Major
O:
CH: Ant med half of clavicle
SH: Ant sternum, sup 6 costal cartilage, aponeurosis external obliques
I:
Lat lip bicipital groove
A:
Adduct and medially rotate shoulder
CH: flex shoulder
SH: extend shoulder from flexed position
171
Pec Minor
O:
Rib 3-5 near costal cartilage
I:
Coracoid process
A: stablize scapula drawing inferior and anterior
172
Deltoid
O:
Lat 1/3 clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula
I:
Deltoid tuberosity
A:
Abduct shoulder
173
T or F: any condition or injury resulting in elbow dysfunction and a result in loss of ROM
will affect one’s ADL’s.
Is flexion or extension most affected?
True
| Flexion is most affected
174
Biceps brachii
```
O:
SH:
Coracoid process
LH:
Supraglenoid tubercle
```
I:
Radial tuberosity
A:
Flex elbow
Supinate foresrm
Flex shoulder
175
Brachialis
O:
Distal 1/2 of ant surface of humerus
I:
Ulner tuberosity
Coronoid process
A:
Flex elbow
176
Brachioradialis
O:
Prox 2/3 lat supracondylsr ridge of humerus
I:
Stolid process of radius
A:
Flex elbow
Assist pronate and supinate
177
Triceps
```
O:
LH:
Infraglenoid tubercle
LatH:
Post surface prox half humerus
MH:
Post surface distal half humerus
```
I:
Olceranon
A:
Extend elbow
Extend shoulder
Adduct shoulder
178
Pronator Teres
O:
Common flexor tendon of med epicondlye of humerus
Coronoid process of ulna
I:
Middle lat surface of radius
A:
Pronate forearm
179
Pronator Quatratus
O:
Med ant surface of distal ulna
I:
Lat ant surface of didtsl radius
A:
Pronate forearm
180
Supinator
O:
Lat epicondyle of humerus
I:
Ant lat surface proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
A:
Supinate forearm
181
What is the strongest hip ligament?
Iliofemoral
