Midterm Week 4 OBGYN

Question 1

Gametes are also called what type of cells and how many sets of chromosomes do they contain?

Answer 1

They’re called haploid cells and contain only one set of chromosomes

Question 2

The female gametes and male gametes are formed by a process called what?

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

What is the process called of a separation that creates multiple unique cells with 23 chromosomes each?

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

Human cells are also called what type of cells and how many sets of chromosomes does it contain?

Answer 4

They are called diploid cells and contain two sets of chromosomes. 23 from the mother and 23 from the father which is equivalent to 46 chromosomes.

Question 5

Human diploid cells are formed by what process? This process is a duplication that creates two cells with the same number of 46 chromosomes.

Answer 5

Mitosis

Question 6

What occurs around day 14 that triggers ovulation?

Answer 6

LH SURGE

Question 7

What happens after the LH surge triggers ovulation around day 14th?

Answer 7

The dominant (graafian ) follicle rupture and releases the ovum.

Question 8

After the dominant follicle ruptures, what happens to it and what does it become?

Answer 8

The dominant follicle fills with blood and becomes the corpus luteum.

Question 9

What does the corpus Luteum start to produce during ovulation?

Answer 9

Progesterone

Question 10

What part of the fallopian tube directs the ovum into the fallopian tube?

Answer 10

The fimbriae

Question 11

Where does fertilization usually occur in the fallopian tube and after how long after ovulation does fertilization occur?

Answer 11

Fertilization usually occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tubes within 24 to 36 hours after ovulation

Question 12

What does the process of fertilization involve to form a zygote?

Answer 12

The process involves the fusion of male and female gametes

Question 13

What are the normal pregnancy months weeks and trimesters?

Answer 13

Nine months
40 weeks possibly 42 weeks
In the first trimester, it’s week 1 through 12
In the second trimester, it’s weeks 13 through 26
In the third trimester, it’s weeks 27 through 42

Question 14

What is the male and female reproductive cell called in the early embryonic stages?

Answer 14

Gamete

Question 15

What is reffered as single cell fertilized ovum prior to mitosis division?

Answer 15

Zygote

Question 16

Dividing fertilized ovum at two cell and four cell stages?

Answer 16

Blastomere

Question 17

What is the word for mass of dividing cells?

Answer 17

Morula

Question 18

An organized collection of cells which implants into the endometrium seven days after fertilization.

Answer 18

Blastocyst

Question 19

What does the outer lining of the blastocyst consist of?

Answer 19

Trophoblast

Question 20

What does trophoblast produce to extend the life of the corpus luteum?

Answer 20

hCG

Question 21

What is the inner fluid filled cavity that contains the inner cell mass and what does it become?

Answer 21

The blastocyst is the fluid filled cavity that contains the inner cell mass, which then becomes the yolk sack, the amnion, and the embryonic disk.

Question 22

Where does the blastocyst implant itself?

Answer 22

In the endometrium

Question 23

What tissue invades the endometrium?

Answer 23

Trophoblastic tissue

Question 24

What are the three types of Decidua and what do they do?

Answer 24

Basalis - develops where the blastocyst implants
Capsularis - closes over and surrounds the blastocyst
Parietalis - results from hormonal influence on the uninvolved endo tissue

Question 25

This is a reaction of the endometrium which identifies early sign of possible pregnancy in an ultrasound. What happens during this reaction?

Answer 25

Decidual reaction. The endometrium is preparing itself for implantation of the conceptus

Question 26

What is HCG produced by throughout the pregnancy?

Answer 26

The placenta

Question 27

In the first trimester, HCG maintains what so that it can continue to produce progesterone?

Answer 27

Corpus luteum

Question 28

While the placenta is developing, what cells produce hCG?

Answer 28

Trophoblastic cells

Question 29

Where can HCG be detected and how early can it be detected?

Answer 29

HCG can be detected in the maternal urine and blood as early as 23 days menstrual or 6 to 8 days following fertilization

Question 30

In a normal pregnancy what is the level of the HCG and how many millimeters does it have to reach?

Answer 30

The normal hCG level doubles every 48 to 72 hours onto it reaches 10,000 to 20,000 mL.

Question 31

What happens to the HCG in ectopic pregnancies?

Answer 31

HCG levels usually increase less and our lower in atopic pregnancies than in healthy pregnancies

Question 32

What is used to determine or differentiate between normal and abnormal pregnancies and to monitor resolution of ectopic pregnancies?

Answer 32

HCG

Question 33

What is the first sonographic findings of a intrauterine pregnancy?

Answer 33

Gestational sack

Question 34

What is an implanted fluid filled chorionic structure?

Answer 34

Gestational sack

Question 35

When should the gestational sack be seen which is sometimes referred to as the discriminatory zone?

Answer 35

It should be seen when the hCG reaches a certain level

Question 36

A gestational sack should be visible visualized in the uterus when the hCG levels reach how much for a transabdominal ultrasound?

Answer 36

1800 mL

Question 37

In which ultrasound does a gestational sack should be visualized in the uterus when the hCG levels are 1000 to 2000 mL?

Answer 37

Transvaginal ultrasound

Question 38

What is shown within the uterus in the first sonographic evidence of a normal intrauterine pregnancy?

Answer 38

Gestational sac

Question 39

Where would the gestational sack be located in an ultrasound?

Answer 39

It should be located towards the uterine fundus or the mid uterus. Showing a double sack sign( double decidual sign) -echogenic, intact borders.

Question 40

How much should the gestational sack grow per day in the first trimester?

Answer 40

0.8 mm

Question 41

What is a gestational sack?

Answer 41

Fluid filled blastocyst

Question 42

What do you see in a intradecidual decidual sign ultrasound?

Answer 42

Intrauterine fluid collection lying within the echogenic decidua and posterior to a thin echogenic line representing the collapsed uterine cavity.

Question 43

What is seen in a double sack sign ultrasound?

Answer 43

Intrauterine fluid collection with an inner echogenic ring directly around the collection and an outer ring in the peripheral aspect of the decidua.

Question 44

What are the four membranes that protect a nourish, the embryo and later the fetus?

Answer 44

Amnion Yolk sac Allantois Chorion

Question 45

This is a small membrane whose blood vessels become part of the umbilical cord.

Answer 45

Allantois

Question 46

This surrounds the entire embryo, and closing it in the fluid filled space called the amniotic cavity.

Answer 46

Amnion

Question 47

This develops largely from the trophoblast and becomes the embryo’s major contribution to the placenta.

Answer 47

Chorion

Question 48

This is a site of early blood cell formation, where they differentiate into immature cells that will eventually become sperm or oocytes.

Answer 48

Yolk sac

Question 49

When does the amnion and the chorion begins to fuse?

Answer 49

By the middle of the first trimester

Question 50

When is the amnion and chorion fusion completed by?

Answer 50

By 12 to 16 weeks

Question 51

Is a sonographic identification of the separation of the two membranes (amnion and chorion) before 16 week a normal finding?

Answer 51

Yes