Midterm: Week 5 Flashcards
How has free speech been affected by the Internet?
- millions of sources and new posts all the time, how can we regulate what people put out there if we don’t know where it is
- there is no common governance, no one is in charge of monitoring all networks
- Convergent technologies enable people to create a website or even falsify an image
- Hard to regulate something that’s a global network and not just geographic boundaries
- newspapers more protected than radio and television
- private platforms and chat rooms
- free speech online isnt truly free becuase you can monitor, also keyboard warriors
- companies are picking up where free speech leaves off, they need to be specific so they have grounds to stand on
- more room for free speech more regulation
What efforts were discussed in the asynchronous lecture on Internet regulation?
publishing/deleting comments
- private companies provide users some authority to choose what is/isnt published and make a comment public and you can delete something that is offensive
Censorship
- governments block certain websites to protect citizens from information
Stored Communications Act 1986:
- part of electronic communications privacy act
- gov’t doesn’t need a search warrant to obtain email messages (more than 180 days old) from an ISP
USA PATRIOT Act (2001):
- Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism
- Feds and intelligence officials have greater authority to monitor communications
Social Media/Networking Regulations
- Tapscott and Williams (2011): we are a threat to ourselves in terms of releasing confidential info
- Youtube: defamation, privacy and copyright DMCA: The Digital Millennium Copyright Act criminal offense to copy or distribute information protected by copyright
Online regulation today
Texas enacted HB2003 Act
- Impersonating individuals on social media a 3rd degree felony when they use an identity to create a website or post messages on a commercial social network without their consent
- use their identity with intent to harm, defraud, intimidate, or threaten someone else
- 2011 CA introduced a similar act
Websites
- first amendment protects us against us gov’t, but not employers/companies
Communications act 1934
- replaced FRC with FCC (federal communications commission)
- FCC regulates online content, watchdog of the internet make sure everyone is in compliance of laws
- independent US regulates interstate and foreign communication by wire, radio etc
- develop regulatory programs for new technologies
- process applications for music, video , television proposals
Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) (1986):
- updated wire tapping law, allowing tap and trace (displays callers #) or pen register (displays # being dialed) surveillance on devices w/o probable cause
Telecommunications Act (1996)
- access to basic telephone should be universal
- Promotes competition, reduces regulation to secure lower prices and higher quality services for American telecommunications consumers
brought cable and internet under
- rapid deployment of telecom technologies and opens up markets > telephone companies can offer cable or internet etc
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (1998)
- requires websites aware that they’re collecting personal information from a child under 13 years of age to include a privacy policy explaining how they get parent/guardian consent
- restricts marketing to children under 13 years of age
Child Internet Protection Act (2000)
- Requires public schools and institutions, libraries, to provide internet and filtering software
What is net neutrality and why is it such an important issue?
- equitable marketplace, levels playing field
- makes information accessible
- media convergence, an ISP who owns streaming services could make their services better quality and charge more for other services
- without - ISPs can charge more for faster services making smaller companies obsolete
- without it, your ISP can impact what you see and how quickly you see it
ISPs can charge customers more to access apps that use more data - danger for monopolies
That means your broadband provider, which controls your access to the Internet, can’t block or slow down the services or applications you use over the Web. It also means your Internet service provider – whether it’s a cable company or telephone service – can’t create so-called fast lanes that force content companies like Netflix to pay an additional fee to deliver their content to customers faster.
What was the ruling on net neutrality in February 2015?
- FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality
- reclassified broadband as a common carrier under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996.
- No Blocking of lawful content, applications, services or nonharmful devices
- No Throttling: providers can’t single out Internet traffic based on who sends it, where it’s going, what the content happens to be or whether that content competes with the provider’s business.
- No Paid Prioritization: ensuring there’s no internet fast lane
How has copyright been affected by the Internet?
- Technology advancing faster than copyright laws, this goes back to “free culture” who owns the copyright privileges of consumers
- Technology made it easy to manipulate, repurpose and distribute work
- public profile on instagram anyone can take it, you’re giving permission by posting online
- facebook videos and ads highly regulated, but images are harder to call out
- societel pressure and your image and then the image will be taken down
Fair use is a gray area:
- song beats sound similar but it isnt copyright becuase the lyrics are different
- OK to use items under copyrighting if it’s for educational purposes or non profit
- Factual cannot be protected
- if you use soundbites or clips, it could be OK
- intention? if your intention isn’t to copy to distribute (like downloading a dvd or vhs) then it is OK
What are some efforts to regulate copyright on the Internet?
- the public will call you out if youre doing something wrong or if they think you unjustly took an image or song the public will call out o na public platform
- extensions to copyright law, 1998: Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) extended copyright from 50 to 70 years after death
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
- criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent measures that control access to copyrighted works.
Digital rights management (DRM)
- if you buy a CD/DVD and try to copy it, it wont let you
Explain how the Internet has affected privacy?
our information can be public:
- info you put on profiles
- someone who has your address can see how much you spent or the quality iof life you have
- public recoreds are easy: phone #, age etc
- digital footprint: information you put online lives online foreer
What is voluntary v. involuntary privacy online?
Voluntary: putting information out in the wild, adding messages or entering information into your profile
- opt out, we can choose to have information tracked, signing up for a newsletter but other info might be sold that you aren’t aware of
- allow google to follow your information
- Involuntary: what are your friends posting about you or tagging you in when it comes to photos
- Geotagging
- Data mining - analyzing database records to find patters:
- example: grocery store cards, what do you use in the grocery store? how much do you spend? do you share it with 3rd parties?
- information create personalized, customized google searches
- You can opt out of google search ideas
- cookies when you cant use a website if you dont accept cookies
- Law enforcement or jobs can use it to see whats happening
- you can repost a photo and someone can pretend
The General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 is a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the European Union and the European Economic Area. It also addresses the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA areas
