Midterm1

Question 1

four fields of Anthropology

Answer 1

Archaeology, Linguistic Anthro, Cultural Anthropology, BiologicaI Anthro

Question 2

Holism / Holistic

Answer 2

the integration of human institutions and practices; the understanding of “total culture” and how it is interrelated

Question 3

Etic/ emic

Answer 3

Etic: A cultural outsider’s point of view
Emic: Is a cultural insider’s POV

Question 4

Ethnocentrism

Answer 4

the idea of cultural superiority, Using one’s own culture as the standard or lens through which other cultures are “judged”

Question 5

cultural relativism

Answer 5

the opposite of ethnocentrism, cultural relativism seeks to understand and explain cultures from their own(emic) POV, at least to understand without value judgements attatched

Question 6

participant observation

Answer 6

Firsthand observation of the people under study, often involving direct participation

Question 7

Ethnography

Answer 7

The output(a book, a video, an essay, or collection of essays, and so on) of studying a culture

Question 8

Ethnology

Answer 8

The output (…) of studying two or more cultures

Question 9

modernity

Answer 9

Reason and understanding things(including culture) . Things are knowable through objectively ,and so on
( e.g. science itself, methods of science)

Question 10

Postmodernism

Answer 10

A movement in which States that “true” knowledge is not really obtainable. Science is limited as explanation, and multiple viewpoints(a multi-vocality) are considered valid and desirable to explain things

Question 11

importance of subsistence

Answer 11

vital as it dictates how societies obtain food, influencing their economic structureS and shaping social and political institutions

Question 12

cultural complexity

Answer 12

describes The varying degrees of social organization in societies, ranging from simple hunting- gathering groups with minimal decision making to complex state- level societies with multiple layers of governance

Question 13

Functional and essentialist

Answer 13

Functional: role a religion plays in society
Essentialist: what the religion is about

Question 14

hunters and gatherers
Horticulture
Pastoralist
Agriculturalists

Answer 14

hunters and gatherers:All food aquiredfrom the environment
Horticultures:both hunting /gathering andagricultural food grown
Pastoralist:animal herding and products from animalsare the exclusive domain of subsistence
Agriculturalists: staple crops form basis of subsistence

Question 15

unilinear evolution

Answer 15

biological evolution to culture, savagery, barbarism (incorrect viewpoint)

Question 16

Animism
Polythesim
Monotheism

Answer 16

Animism:worship of nature or aspects of it
Polythesim: worship of multiple Gods
Monotheism: worship of one God

Question 17

Inequality / egalitarianism

Answer 17

All cultures have inequality, egalitarianism( equal and hunter-gatherer)

Question 18

religion as an integrative force

Answer 18

functionalist vibe

Question 19

enculturation

Answer 19

the process of learning culture

Question 20

commonalities in culture(7)

Answer 20

Power and inequality are universal, culture is learned, religion is universal, culture is artificial, cultures are always changing, culture is shared, All cultures have history

Question 21

Approaches to Religion

Answer 21

Evolutionary: unilinear
marxist: religion is a tool
Functionalist: purpose of religion in society
Interpretive: meaning in religion
Psychosocial~ focus on culture and personality

Question 22

“God Module”

Answer 22

All humans are hardwired to believe religion

Question 23

myth

Answer 23

sacred Stories with flexible meaning that can and do change overtime

Question 24

world view

Answer 24

The way a culture perceives and understands reality

Question 25

origin /creation myth

Answer 25

concerned with how the world, people , animals , etc. were created and how it will end

Question 26

diffusion

Answer 26

myths that are widespread in culture often moving across cultural bourdains

Question 27

Trickster myth

Answer 27

not religious in nature but do concern societal behaviors( Life Lessons)

Question 28

Hero Myths

Answer 28

Hero's Journey

Question 29

Analysis of Myth

Answer 29

Structural~ underlying structure or construction of a myth psychological~ views myth as a way to reveal human psychology

Question 30

transformative being

Answer 30

part animal part human( shift to human form)

Question 31

Symbols

Answer 31

anything that stands for anything else

Question 32

varied and X- cultural nature of symbols

Answer 32

symbols can have different meanings depending on the culture

Question 33

abstract nature of symbols

Answer 33

can be interpreted differently