Midtermn Flashcards
When did Luther Live? Who was Martin Luther?
Martin Luther, (born November 10, 1483, Eisleben, Saxony [Germany]— died February 18, 1546, Eisleben), German theologian and religious reformer who was the catalyst of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation.
When was the Ninety Five Thesis nailed to the church door?
October 31, 1517
What was the Tower Experience?
In 1519. “I began to understand that the righteousness of God is that by which the righteous lives by a gift of God, namely by faith. And this is the meaning: the righteousness of God is revealed by the gospel, namely, the passive righteousness with which the merciful God justifies us by faith, as it is written, “He who through faith is righteous shall live.” Here I felt that I was altogether born again and had entered paradise itself through open gates.”
When was the Diet of Worms?
April 17–18, 1521
Roman emperor wanted to bring Luther to trial after being excommunicated by the pope.
“I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not retract anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. I cannot do otherwise, here I stand, may God help me, Amen.”
When was the Heidelberg Disputation?
The Heidelberg Disputation was held at the lecture hall of the Augustinian order on April 26, 1518. It was here that Martin Luther, as a delegate for his order, began to have occasion to articulate his views.
When was The Bondage of the Will published?
December 1525.
How many thesis were in the Hiedleberg Disputation?
40 thesis. The Hiedelberg disputation was in 1518.
When was the Leipzig Disputation?
1519 - Johann Eck (theologian from universty of Ingolstadt) published thirteen theses against Luthuer.
What did Luther write to the Christian nobility of the German nation.
Luther argued that the church is corrupt and cannot reform itself. It was up to the German nobility to start the reformation. Luther sought to break down the famous Roman Catholic Church three walls: 1) Pope , Priests, etc. above laymen. 2) Scripture can only be interpreted by the Pope. 3) That only the pope can summon church councils.
When was the Babylonian captivity of the church published?
It was published in 1520.
On the Babylonian captivity of the church.
Luther attacked the heart of the Roman church namely its sacramental system. The Roman church abused the sacraments to hold the church captive. His main challenge was against the sacrament of the Eucharist. Three errors: 1. Witholding the cup from laity. 2. Luther rejected transubstantiation. 3. The error of the resacrafice of Christ.
On the freedom of the Christian.
“The freedom of the Christian Man” was published in October 1520. “The Christian is the lord of all and subject to none; because of faith, he is a servant to all, and subject to everyone, because of love”. Faith and love are the two governing principals of the Christian life. Where there is faith, there will most surely be love.
When was Luther’s first letter to the Pope Leo X?
In 1518. Humbly submitting to the authority of the pope.
When was Luther’s second letter to the Pope Leo X?
In 1519. Luther portrayed himself as the pope’s humble servant but refused to recant.
When was Luther’s third letter to the Pope Leo X?
In 1520. He addressed the pope as an equal and pitied him as a “lamb in midst of wolves”. Luther characterized the Roman church as “lawless den of thieves, the most shameless of all brothels, the very kingdom of sin, death, and hell.”
When was the papal bull burned?
December 10, 1520. Luther burned the bull on the banks of the Elbe river.
When was the papal bull issued?
In June 15, 1520. Exsurge Domine. Opening line from Psalm 74:22. “Rise up o Lord, and judge Thy cause. A wild boar has invaded Thy vineyard”. The boar of course was Luther.
When was the excommunication bull issued for Luther (Decet Romanum Pontificem).
It was issued on January, 3, 1521.
When was the Diet of Augsburg?
1555, held in Augsburg Germany and mandated by Charles V.
When did Zurich reject Roman Catholic Authority?
1525
Who was Ulrich Zwingli?
Ulrich Zwingly was a 16th century Swiss protestant reformer. He was born on new years day 1484 and died in 1531. He was heavily influenced by Erasmus. Zwingli was first to introduce an expositional style of preaching.
When did Zwingli and Luther meet?
Met in Marburg castle, October 1529.
Who was Guillam Farel?
He was a Pastor and Theologian sent by Bern to Geneva to win Geneva to the reformation. He was born in 1489 and died in 1565.
When and where was John Calvin born?
John Calvin was born in Noyon France in 1509.
Who was John Calvin?
John Calvin was a French Theologian and later turned pastor. He is mostly known for having a big influence in winning Geneva over to the reformation. Calvin also, had a strong influence on Genevan political climate as the Church and state were not separate in during the 16th century.
Born: July 10, 1509, Noyon, France
Died: May 27, 1564, Geneva, Switzerland
What college did John Calvin study in at the age of 14?
Calvin studied general studies at College de La Marche and then theological studies at College de Montaigu.
When did John Calvin obtain his MA?
In 1528, intending a career in the Church.
When was Gerard, John’s Calvin’s father excommunicated?
He was excommunicated in 1528.
Where and when did John Calvin pursue legal studies?
John Calvin pursued legal studies at the universities of Orleans (1528 - 29) and Bourges (1529 -31), and gained his law degree in 1532.
When did John Calvin’s father die?
He died on May of 1531.
What years did John Calvin spend in Paris?
John was in Paris between 1531 - 33. During that time he published “De Clementia”, on clemency.
When did John Calvin publish the Psalms commentary?
“Preface” to Commentary on the Psalms (1557)
Who was Melchior Wolmar?
He was a German Hellenist in Orleans and was the person who introduced John Calvin to Lutheranism. In 1546, John Calvin dedicated his commentary on 2 Corinthians to Wolmar.
Who was Pierre Robert?
He was Calvin’s kinsmen and translated the French bible in 1535.
When did John Calvin embrace the Protestant cause?
During 1533 and 1534.
When was the first edition of the Christian Institutes published?
It was written by John Calvin and published in May 1536. This was only six chapters, it was to expand to eighty chapters by 1559.
What did the preface say In John Calvin’s commentary of the Psalms?
“What happend first was that by an unexpected conversion, God tamed and made teachable a mind too stubborn for its years. For I was obstinately addicted to the superstitions of the papacy and nothing less could draw me out of so deep a quagmire. And so this mere taste of true godliness that I received set me on fire …
When were John Calvin and Farel banished from Geneva?
They were banished in 1538 by the Genevan syndics for not administering the Last Super as prescribed by the Bernese.
When was the Colloquy of Regensburg?
It was in 1541. This is where Protestants and moderate Catholics, under Cardinal Contarini actually reached agreement on the doctrine of Justifiaction.
How did John Calvin adress Martin Bucer?
As “my much honored father in the Lord”. Calvin’s theology matured under Bucer’s influence.
When did John Calvin get married and to who?
Calvin married Idelette de Bure (August 1540) in Strasbourg. She was a widow of a prominent Anabaptist.
When was Calvin’s reply to Sadoleto?
In 1539. He replied “ We protestants abound indeed in numerous faults; too often do we sin and fall. Still modesty will not permit me to boast ho far we exceed you Catholics in every respect. Rome, that famous abode of sanctity has so overflowed with all kinds of iniquity, that scarcely anything so abominable has been seen before.”
When did John Calvin return to Geneva?
He returned on September 13, 1541.
When was Michael Servetus burned to death and why?
John Calvin and the Genevan council sentenced Servetus to death and he was burned on October 27, 1553. Servetus denied the diety of Christ and denied the Holy Trinity.
When did John Calvin die?
May 27th, 1564.
When was St. Bartholomews day massacre?
August 24, 1572. Perhaps as many as 10,000 Huguenots were killed over all in the days that followed.
When was the Heidelberg Catechism?
It was written in 1562 primarily by Caspar Olevianus, the superintendent of the Palatinate church, and Zacharias Ursinus, a professor of the theological faculty of the University of Heidelberg. It was accepted at the annual synod of the Palatinate church in 1563.
When did King Edward die?
In 1553.
Who was Peter Viret?
Viret was considered one of the most popular French-speaking preachers in the 16th century. Above all he was the reformer of the city of Lausanne, where he converted the local population to the Reformed faith. In his time, Lausanne also became, with Geneva, a training ground for Reformation preachers.
Who was Theodore Beza?
Theodore Beza, French Théodore de Bèze, (born June 24, 1519, Vézelay, France—died October 13, 1605, Geneva, Switzerland), author, translator, educator, and theologian who assisted and later succeeded John Calvin as a leader of the Protestant Reformation centred at Geneva.
Who invented the printing press and when?
Johannes Gutenberg around 1440.
When was the list of prohibited books issued by the Catholic church?
In 1559. “Index Librorum Prohibitorum”
When was the Roman Inquisition inagurated?
On July 1542. “Licet ab initio”
Who was Ignatius Loyola?
He was the founder of the counter reformation and was born around 1491 in Basque Spain. Well known for creating “The Society of Jesus” or soldiers of God.
Where and when did Ignatius of Loyoyla get his MA?
Loyola attended the University of Paris between 1528 - and 1535.
