MIDTERMS

Question 1

Your musculoskeletal system includes ______, ____, ____, ______ and _____. They work together to support your body’s weight and help you move.

Answer 1

bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments AND soft tissues

Question 2

Your ________ includes bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments and soft tissues. They work together to support your body’s weight and help you move.

Answer 2

musculoskeletal system

Question 3

____, ____, and ____ can cause pain, stiffness and other problems with movement and function

Answer 3

Injuries, disease, aging

Question 4

You can keep your musculoskeletal system strong by ___________________

Answer 4

managing your overall health.

Question 5

The _________ (your body’s command center) controls your voluntary muscle movements.

Answer 5

Nervous system

Question 6

_______ are ones you control intentionally.

Answer 6

Voluntary muscles

Question 7

Your muscle fibers ______ (tense up) in response to the message

Answer 7

contract

Question 8

Your ________ (brain and nerves) sends a message to activate your _____ (voluntary) muscles.

Answer 8

nervous system, skeletal

Question 9

____ attach muscles to bones

Answer 9

Tendons

Question 10

When the muscle activates or bunches up, it pulls on the ____.

Answer 10

tendon

Question 11

The Parts of the Musculoskeletal System

Answer 11

Bones
Cartilage
Joints

Question 12

______ of all shapes and sizes SUPPORT your body, PROTECTS organs and tissues, STORE calcium and fat and PRODUCE blood cells.

Answer 12

Bones

Question 13

provide structure and form for your body.

Answer 13

Bones

Question 14

A bone’s hard outside shell surrounds a ______.

Answer 14

spongy center

Question 15

A type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE, cartilage cushions bones inside your joints, along your spine and in your ribcage. Firm, rubbery cartilage PROTECTS THE BONES FROM RUBBNG EACH OTHER. You also have this in your nose, ears, pelvis and lungs.

Answer 15

Cartilage

Question 16

Bones come together to form ___.

Answer 16

joints

Question 17

Each ____ is made of thousands of stretchy fibers. Your _____ allow you to move, sit upright and stay still. Some ____ help you run, dance and lift. You use others to write your name, fasten a button, talk and swallow.

Answer 17

muscle

Question 18

Made of TOUGH COLLAGEN FIBERS, _____ connect bones and help stabilize joints.

bones to bones

Answer 18

Ligaments

Question 19

_____connect muscles to bones. Made of FIBROUS TISSUE and collagen, are tough but NOT VERY STRETCHY.

Answer 19

Tendons

Question 20

MUSCLE TO BONE

Answer 20

TENDONS

Question 21

BONE TO BONE

Answer 21

LIGAMENTS

Question 22

Types of Muscles

Answer 22

1. Skeletal muscle
2. Smooth muscle
3. Cardiac muscle

Question 23

– Consciously choose to contract the muscle
– Skeletal muscles

Answer 23

• Voluntary muscles

Question 24

– Under control of subconscious brain
– Smooth muscles and cardiac muscle

Answer 24

• Involuntary muscles

Question 25

* Attached to bones * Produce VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT of skeleton * Also referred to as STRIATED MUSCLE – Looks STRIPED under microscope * Very long cylindrical, multinucleated cells for quick and forceful contractions * Interaction of thin and thick filaments slide during contraction

Answer 25

Skeletal Muscles

Question 26

Skeletal Muscle is also referred to as

Answer 26

striated muscle

Question 27

Skeletal Muscles look ___ under the microscope

Answer 27

striped

Question 28

Associated with INTERNAL ORGANS A. Also called VISCERAL MUSCLE B. Stomach C. Respiratory airways D. Blood vessels Called smooth because has NO MICROSCOPIC STRIPES/ no cross striations Produces INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS of these organs e.g. smooth muscles of the digestive tubes

Answer 28

Smooth Muscles

Question 29

Smooth Muscles are also called as

Answer 29

VISCERAL MUSLCE

Question 30

Smooth Muscles are called smooth because

Answer 30

it has no microscopic stripes

Question 31

* Involuntary, VIGOROUS, and RHYTHMIC contractions * Also called MYOCARDIUM * Makes up walls of heart * Elongated branched individual cells parallel to each other * Involuntary contraction of heart to pump blood

Answer 31

Cardiac Muscle

Question 32

Cardiac Muscle is also called as

Answer 32

MYOCARDIUM

Question 33

✔ Reception and conduction of impulses ✔ Found in the brain and the spinal cord ✔ Called neurons or nerve cells

Answer 33

NERVOUS TISSUES

Question 34

Immovable or fixed joints * These joints are held together by tough tissue which develops during childhood.

Answer 34

(Fibrous)

Question 35

Slightly moveable joints * Here, movement is needed but only to a certain point e.g the vertebral column * Individual vertebrae are separated by cartilage

Answer 35

(Cartilaginous)

Question 36

Freely moveable joints * These joints are also called synovial and allow movement to take place. * There are 6 types of freely moveable or synovial joints

Answer 36

(Synovial)

Question 37

Types of Synovial Joints

Answer 37

* Ball and Socket Joint * Hinge Joint * Pivot Joint * Gliding Joint * Saddle Joint * Condyloid Joint

Question 38

 Of all the joints in the body, the _______ JOINT allows the GREATETS RANGE of movement  In this type of joint, one end of the bone is shaped like a ball, and it fits into a hollow socket at the end of another joint.  Held together by ligaments and tendons  EXAMPLES: Shoulder & Hip Joints

Answer 38

BALL AND SOCKET

Question 39

 __________ allow extensive flexion and extension (Bending and straightening) with only a SMALL AMOUNT OF ROTATION.  The joint is made by the joining of two bone ends which have smooth surfaces. They are shaped to move AGAINST EACH OTHER with minimum friction.  Strong ligaments stop the bones from sliding off from one side to the other  Examples: Elbow and Knee Joints

Answer 39

HINGE JOINTS

Question 40

________ allow only rotation. * The joint works by the end of one bone having a “peg” which fits into a “ring” formed by the other bone. * There is _____ at the top of the spinal column, between the axis and atlas bones of the neck. This allows us to TURN, raise and lower our heads – this is crucial in controlling balance and maintaining awareness.

Answer 40

PIVOT JOINTS

Question 41

* _________ allow flexion and extension through a slight gliding motion between the ends of small bones such as hands and feet. * These small bones can move over one another to increase the flexibility of the hands and feet. * Strong ligaments link them together and stop them moving to far.

Answer 41

GLIDING JOINTS

Question 42

* _______ occur where concave and convex surfaces meet. * The _____ allow the movement of the joint forward and backwards, and right to left. * Examples include the fingers and thumbs.

Answer 42

SADDLE JOINTS

Question 43

* Within the ______ the full convex shape of one bone end, fits into the full concave shape of an adjoining bone. * This allows for movement in all directions, however full rotations. * The main example is the wrist.

Answer 43

CONDYLOID JOINT

Question 44

Point at which two or more bones meet/ Any place where two bones are joined

Answer 44

Joint or Articulation

Question 45

Types of Joint Movement

Answer 45

1. Extension 2. Flexion 3. Abduction 4. Adduction 5. Circumduction 6. Rotation

Question 46

when a bone MOVES AWAY from the midline of the body

Answer 46

ABDUCTION

Question 47

movements of the limbs INWARD after abduction

Answer 47

ADDUCTION

Question 48

produced when the angle between the bones of a joint changes

Answer 48

ANGULAR MOVEMENT